Badania architektoniczne kościoła parafialnego w Dobrzykach

Ewa Łużyniecka

Streszczenie

Badania architektoniczne prowadzono w 2010 r. w Dobrzykach, wsi położonej w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim, na terenie Pojezierza Iławskiego. Zespół opracowujący ten temat, kierowany przez prof. Ewę Łużyniecką, składał się ze studentów Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Wrocławskiej (Katarzyna Dorosz, Karolina Cichoń, Natalia Jagielska, Agnieszka Rabęda). Badania zostały przeprowadzone z inicjatywy Warmińsko-Mazurskiego Wojewódzkiego Konserwatora Zabytków w Olsztynie i dzięki pomocy księdza proboszcza Mariusza Pawlikowskiego oraz mieszkańców Dobrzyk, za co autorka składa serdeczne podziękowania.

Na podstawie badań stwierdzono, że kościół nie jest zbudowany jednorodnie, a różnice formalne i technologiczne poszczególnych części budowli pozwoliły na wydzielenie pięciu głównych faz budowlanych. Zamysł jego budowy należy zapewne wiązać z czasem lokacji wsi około 1304 r. Trudno jednak jednoznacznie określić, kiedy zaczęto wznosić prezbiterium. Jego proste formy mogą wskazywać na to, że mogło to być wkrótce po zasiedleniu osady, czyli na początku XIV w. Można także przypuszczać, że przerwa między budową prezbiterium i nawy nie była długa. Przypuszczalnie nawę wzniesiono w 1. poł. XIV w. Kolejne przebudowy miały miejsce ok. 1776, 1864 i 1910 r.

W czasie prowadzonych w 2010 r. badań architektonicznych udało się częściowo odtworzyć etapy budowy kościoła. Nadal jednak nie wiadomo, jak wyglądała pierwotnie część zachodnia kościoła i czy istniała w tym czasie murowana wieża. Na odpowiedź czeka także pytanie, czy zakrystia była piętrowa i czy w jej wnętrzu były schody. Nie jest także znana pierwotna kolorystyka wnętrza, a odkryte ostatnio polichromie mogą wskazywać na istnienie zachowanych malatur. Na wszystkie te pytania można będzie odpowiedzieć podczas przyszłych badań i obserwacji, prowadzonych być może podczas kolejnych remontów oraz napraw kościoła.

Słowa kluczowe:
architektura
kościół
parafia
dobrzyki

Podgląd pełnego artykułu jest możliwy wyłącznie na większych ekranach.

Pełny artykuł

2011

No. 1(29)

']LHU]JRĔNRPWXU6LJKDG6FKZDUVEXUJJUDQWHGIHXGV

D ORFDWLRQ GRFXPHQW RI 'REU]\NL YLOODJH RQ &KHáPQR

ODZZKLFK ZDVFDOOHG :HLVGRUILQ WKH3UXVVLDQWLPHV

LVVXHG LQ  E\ WKH PDVWHU.RQUDG 6DFN >@ %\ WKH

ODZRIWKLVGRFXPHQWWKHVKHULIIUHFHLYHGVL[IHXGVIUHH

RIUHQWDORQJZLWKRQHWKLUGRIUHFHLSWVIURPMXGLFLDU\RI

ORZHULQVWDQFH)RXUIHXGVZHUHGHVLJQDWHGIRUEXLOGLQJ

WKH FKXUFK 3HDVDQWV ZHUH OHW RII DQ\ VHUYLFHV IRU WHQ

\HDUV$IWHUZDUGVWKH\KDGWRSD\WKHWLWKHVZKLFKZHUH

JLYHQWRWKHFKXUFKDQGWKHWD[ZKLFKZDVJLYHQWRWKH

VWDWH LQ WKH DPRXQW RIFRRSV DQG WZR KHQV SHU RQH

(ZDàXĪ\QLHFND

'REU]\NLLVDYLOODJHVLWXDWHGLQWKH:DUPLDQ0DVXULDQ

9RLYRGVKLSRQWKHWHUULWRU\RI,áDZD/DNHODQG'LVWULFW1RW

IDU IURP WKH YLOODJHWKHUH DUH WZR VPDOO ODNHV (ZLQJL DQG

-H]LRUNR$ELWIDUWKHUWRWKHVRXWKWKHUHLVDELJODNH3áDVNLH

6W$SRVWOHV3HWHUDQG3DXO&KXUFKLVORFDWHGQRWIDUIURPWKH

IRUNRIURDGVZKLFKJRIURP=DOHZWR6XV])LJDE7KH

WHUUDLQRQZKLFKWKHFKXUFKLVVLWXDWHGFRQVWLWXWHVWKHORFDO

XSODQG DQG LW VORSHV IURP WKH HDVW WR WKH ZHVW ,W LV VXU

URXQGHGE\DZDOOEXLOWRIVWRQHV$WSUHVHQWWKHUHDUHWZR

IXQFWLRQLQJHQWUDQFHVLQWKHVRXWKHUQSDUWRIWKHZDOO±WKH

ILUVWRQHIURPWKHHDVWVLGHDQGWKHRWKHURQHIURPWKHZHVW

3UREDEO\WKHWHUUDLQWRWKHQRUWKRIWKHFKXUFKZDVRULJLQDOO\

DFHPHWHU\1RZDGD\VWKHUHLVSDUNJUHHQHU\DWWKDWSODFH

$SDULVKEXLOGLQJZLWKFRQIHUHQFHURRPVDOVRFRQVWLWXWHVDQ

LPSRUWDQWHOHPHQWRIWKHODQGGHYHORSPHQW

$UFKLWHFWXUDOH[DPLQDWLRQVZHUHFDUULHGRXWRQWKHLQLWLD

WLYHRIWKH:DUPLDQ0DVXULDQ9RLYRGVKLS5HVWRUDWLRQ2IILFHU

LQ 2OV]W\Q DQG ZLWK WKH KHOS RI WKH F SULHVW 0DULXV]

3DZOLNRZVNLDVZHOODVWKH'REU]\NLFRPPXQLW\IRUZKLFK

WKHDXWKRUZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVKHUPRVWVLQFHUHJUDWLWXGH

)DFXOW\RI$UFKLWHFWXUH:URFáDZ8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\

)LJ&KXUFKLQ'REU]\NLDYLOODJHORFDWLRQEYLHZIURPWKHVRXWKSKRWR(àXĪ\QLHFND

,O.RĞFLyáZ'REU]\NDFKDORNDOL]DFMDZVLEZLGRNRGSRáXGQLDIRW(àXĪ\QLHFND

 (ZDàXĪ\QLHFND

IHXG DQQXDOO\ 7KH\ ZHUH DOVR REOLJHG WR ZRUN LQ WKH

FDVWOHSUHVVLQ3U]H]PDUN$OOWKHLQKDELWDQWVRIWKHYLO

ODJHJRWDSULYLOHJHRIILVKLQJLQWKHQHDUE\ODNHV(ZLQJL

DQG-H]LRUNR$WWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH

FHQWXU\LQWKH

YLOODJHWKHUHZHUHZLQGPLOOVDQGWZRLQQVDERXWZKLFK

WKHUH LV D PHQWLRQ LQ WKH UHQW ERRNV IURP WKH \HDUV

±,QWKHVH\HDUVWKHUHZHUHVHWWOHGDQG

IUHH IHXGV LQWKHYLOODJH 6RPH WLPH ODWHU WKH SDVWXUHV

±ORFDWHGLQWKHSODFHRIWKHORVW3UXVVLDQYLOODJH.DELW\

VLWXDWHGRQWKHZHVWHUQ(ZLQJLODNHVKRUH±ZHUHLQFOXG

HGLQWKHYLOODJHWHUUDLQV

$V D UHVXOW RI WKH 5HIRUPDWLRQ WKH FKXUFK EHFDPH

SURWHVWDQWDQGVLQFHWKH

FHQWXU\3ROLVKVHUYLFHZDV

FHOHEUDWHG WKHUH LQ ZKLFK SOHQW\ RI LQKDELWDQWV RIWKH

3ROLVK QDWLRQDOLW\ IURP WKH VXUURXQGLQJ YLOODJHV WRRN

SDUW ,Q WKH 

 DQG   FHQWXULHV WKH FKXUFK LQ

'REU]\NL ZDV D EUDQFK RI =DOHZ DQG 3ROLVK GHDFRQV

ORRNHGDIWHULW$FFRUGLQJWRWKHUHJLVWHUIURPWKH

IROORZLQJ YLOODJHV EHORQJHG WR WKH 'REU]\NL SDULVK

%XNRZLHF &]DSODN -HU]ZDáG -H]LRUFH .LHPLDQ\

.LHPLDĔVNLH 1RZLQ\ /LNV]DQ\ 0DW\Q\ 1DMND

3RODMQ\ 5XFHZR 5XGQLD 6LHPLDQ\ DQG 6WDUH 6ZDOH

±SHUVRQVLQWRWDO$OOWKHWLPHLWZDVVWURQJO\FRQ

QHFWHG ZLWK WKH 3ROLVK SHRSOH $URXQG WKH \HDU 

WKHUH ZHUH VWLOO FLUFD RQH KXQGUHG 3ROLVK SDULVKLRQHUV

$WD[ERRNIURPJLYHVXV LQIRUPDWLRQFRQFHUQLQJ

VRXUFHV RI OLYLQJ RI WKH YLOODJH LQKDELWDQWV $W WKDW WLPH

'REU]\NLYLOODJHDORQJZLWK.R]LQ\YLOODJHFRPSULVHG

IDUPV DQG LQKDELWDQWVRXW RI WKLVQXPEHU HDUQHG

DOLYLQJE\IDUPLQJDQGIRUHVWU\E\ZRUNLQJLQLQGXVWU\

DQGFUDIWVPDQVKLSDQGE\ZRUNLQJLQWUDGHDQGWUDQVSRUW

$IWHUWKHYLOODJHZDVDOUHDG\ZLWKLQWKHOLPLWVRI

WKH 3ROLVK VWDWH DQG &DWKROLFV UHJDLQHG WKH FKXUFK 7KH

FKXUFK DUFKLWHFWXUH ZDV DSSUHFLDWHG DQG LQ  LW ZDV

HQWHUHG LQ WKH PRQXPHQW UHJLVWHU XQGHU WKH QXPEHU

$±)RXU\HDUVODWHULQD5RPDQ&DWKROLFSDU

LVKZDVHVWDEOLVKHG

7KH FKXUFK LQ 'REU]\NL ZDV RI JUHDW LQWHUHVW WR

UHVHDUFKHV SUREDEO\ EHFDXVH RI LWV LQWHUHVWLQJ HDVWHUQ

IDoDGH$%RHWWLFKHU>@GHVFULEHGLWIRUWKHILUVWWLPHLQ

DQGVSHFLILHGWKHWLPHRILWVFRQVWUXFWLRQEHIRUHWKH

\HDU)LIW\\HDUVODWHU%6FKPLG>@FRQILUPHGWKLV

GDWH DQG KH DOVR SUHVHQWHG WKH LQYHQWRU\ RI WKH HDVWHUQ

IDoDGHRIWKHFKXUFK

$PRUHGHWDLOHGDQDO\VLVRIWKHEXLOGLQJLVLQWKHPRQX

PHQWFDWDORJXHRI'(+,2+$1'%8&+VHULHVZKLFKZDV

SXEOLVKHGLQDQG,WZDVGHWHUPLQHGWKDWWKHFKDQ

FHOZDVEXLOWLQWKH\HDUV±DQGWKHQDYHZDVEXLOW

LQWKH\HDUV±>@,WZDVDOVRVWDWHGWKDWWKH*RWKLF

FUXFLIL[PDGHRIURRGDUFKZDVPDGHDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH



FHQWXU\2QWKHEDVLVRIKLVWRULFDOVRXUFHVLWZDVDVFHU

WDLQHGWKDWWKHFKXUFKZDVUHQRYDWHGLQWKH\HDUVDQG

7KHWLPHRIWKHZRRGHQWRZHUFRQVWUXFWLRQZDVDVFHU

WDLQHGWREH,WZDVDOVRDVVXPHGWKDWDWWKHWXUQRIWKH

FHQWXU\WKHZHVWHUQZDOORIWKHFKXUFKZDVUHEXLOWDQG

VWDLUVWRWKHDWWLFZHUHSODFHGWKHUH,WZDVFRQQHFWHGZLWK

EXLOGLQJWKHZHVWHUQDQGVRXWKHUQPDWURQHXPLQZKLFK

DORQJZLWKWKHSDWURQ¶VSHZZDVPDGHE\-DQ0DUVFKDOO7KH

RUJDQZDVEXLOWLQE\2EXFKIURP0RUąJDQGLWZDV

PDGHELJJHULQGXULQJWKHUHSDLUZRUNVRIWKHFKXUFK

$JRRGSRLQWRI:+XEDWVFK¶V>@VWXG\LVWKHSUHVHQ

WDWLRQRIWKHFKXUFKZLWKWKHHPSKDVLVRQWKHSRVW5HIRU

PDWLRQWLPHV,QKLVERRNWKHUHLVDSKRWRJUDSKIURPWKH

VZKLFKVKRZVWKHFKXUFKLQWHULRUEHIRUHWKHUHSDLU

ZRUNV$W WKDW WLPH WKH DUUDQJHPHQW RI WKH SXOSLW VWDLUV

ZDVGLIIHUHQW7KHUHZDVDOVRDGLIIHUHQWDUUDQJHPHQWRI

WKHFKDQFHODQGQDYHQLFKHV$WWKHHQGRIWKHODVWFHQWXU\

D VKRUW GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH FKXUFK DSSHDUHG LQ WKH ZRUN

FRQFHUQLQJEULFNDUFKLWHFWXUHE\'/R\DO>@

$JRRGFRPSHQGLXPRINQRZOHGJHIURPWKHEHJLQQLQJ

RIRXU FHQWXU\ FRQVWLWXWHV WKH HYLGHQFH FDUG RIDUFKLWHF

WXUH DQG FRQVWUXFWLRQ PRQXPHQWV SUHSDUHG E\ ' &KR

GDNRZVNL >@ LQ  $ ORFDWLRQ SODQ RI WKH EXLOGLQJ

D GUDIW RI WKH EDVHPHQW SURMHFWLRQ D GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH

VWUXFWXUHDQGGDWLQJWKHFKXUFKIRUWKH\HDUV±

ZHUHSUHVHQWHGLQLW

7KH FKXUFK LQ 'REU]\NL ZDV DOVR PHQWLRQHG LQ WKH

FDWDORJXH FRQFHUQLQJ WKH PHGLDHYDO DUFKLWHFWXUH LQ WKH

WHUULWRU\RIROG3UXVVLD&K+HUUPDQQ>@LVWKHDXWKRURI

WKHFDWDORJXHDQGLWZDVSXEOLVKHGLQ+HUPDQGDWHG

WKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHEXLOGLQJIRUWKH\HDUV±

+HGHVFULEHGVL]HVRIEULFNVSUHVHQWHGWHFKQRORJLFDOIHD

WXUHV RI WKH EXLOGLQJ SODFHG DQ DUFKLYDO GUDZLQJ RI WKH

HDVWHUQ IDoDGH IURP  DQG WZR SKRWRJUDSKV IURP

 +H SDLG DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH ZHVWHUQ ZDOO ZKLFK ZDV

UHEXLOWDVZHOODVWKHFKDSHODQGWKHSRUFKZKLFKKHGDWHG

IRUWKH

FHQWXU\

7KH WHDP ZRUNLQJ RQ WKH VXEMHFW KHDGHG E\

3URIHVVRU (ZD àXĪ\QLHFND FRQVLVWHG RI VWXGHQWV RI

7KH)DFXOW\RI$UFKLWHFWXUHRI:URFáDZ8QLYHUVLW\RI

7HFKQRORJ\ .DWDU]\QD 'RURV] .DUROLQD &LFKRĔ

1DWDOLD-DJLHOVNDDQG$JQLHV]ND5DEĊGD3ROLVKDFUR

Q\P=:$3:U

6HYHUDOUHVHDUFKPHWKRGVZHUHXVHGGXULQJWKHSUHSD

UDWLRQ RI WKH WRSLF 7KH VHDUFK RI OLWHUDWXUH ZULWWHQ

VRXUFHVLFRQRJUDSKLF DQGFDUWRJUDSKLFVRXUFHVZDV FDU

ULHGRXWRQWKHEDVLVRIDFODVVLFDOPHWKRGRIWKHKLVWRULFDO

H[DPLQDWLRQV )LHOG DUFKLWHFWXUDO H[DPLQDWLRQV LQ VLWX

FRQVLVWHG LQ WKH PHDVXUHPHQW RI WKH EXLOGLQJ PDWHULDO

7DE DQDO\VLV RI WKH ZDOO DQG GHWDLO VWUXFWXUH FRP

SDULVRQRI VWUDWLJUDSKLF DQG WHFKQRORJLFDOPHDVXUHPHQWV

DV ZHOO DV IXQFWLRQDO DQG FRQVWUXFWLRQDO DQDO\VLV RI WKH

EXLOGLQJ,QWZRFDVHVVRPHPHDVXUHPHQWVZHUHPDGHE\

PHDQV RI D VLPSOLILHG DQDORJXH SKRWRJUDPPHWU\ FRUUH

ODWHG ZLWK FRPSXWHU JUDSKLF SURJUDPPHV LQFOXGLQJ



PDLQO\DSSOLFDWLRQVRI$XWR&DGLQWHUIDFH7KHILQDOVWDJH

RIDQDO\WLFDOH[DPLQDWLRQVLVDQDWWHPSWWRGDWHDEXLOG

LQJWRXQGHUWDNHDUFKLWHFWXUDOUHFRQVWUXFWLRQVRISDUWLFX

ODUVWUXFWXUHVDQGZKROHFRPSOH[HV,QWKLVFDVHDPHWKRG

RIUHODWLYHGDWLQJ ZDV HPSOR\HG ZKLFKDOORZHGSXWWLQJ

DJLYHQDUWLIDFWLQDFHUWDLQWLPHSHULRGE\PHDQVRIFRP

SDULVRQDVZHOODV W\SRORJLFDOV\QFKURQLFDQG KLVWRULFDO

PHWKRGV

7KH FKXUFK LQ 'REU]\NL LV QRZ D EXLOGLQJ  P

ORQJZKLFKFRQVLVWVRIWKHFKDQFHOZLWKWKHGLPHQVLRQV

 PDQGE\WKHQDPHZLWKWKHSURMHFWLRQGLPHQ

VLRQV  P   P $Q DGGLWLRQDO HOHPHQW RI WKH

EXLOGLQJ LV LWV QRUWKHUQ H[WHQVLRQ DV ZHOO DV WKH SRUFK

EXLOWLQWKHVRXWKDQGWKHVDFULVW\7KHFKXUFKLVQRWEXLOW

KRPRJHQHRXVO\DQGIRUPDODQGWHFKQRORJLFDOGLIIHUHQFHV

RISDUWLFXODUSDUWVRIWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQDOORZHGXVWRGLVWLQ

JXLVKILYHPDLQEXLOGLQJSKDVHV)LJ

3UREDEO\ DW WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH FKXUFK EXLOGLQJ

SURFHVVWKHFKDQFHOZDVHUHFWHG3KDVH,±*RWKLF,WV

ZDOOVZHUHEXLOWRIEULFNVPDLQO\LQD9HGLFDUUDQJHPHQW

DQG IRXQGHG RQ WKH ZDOO EDVH PDGH RI FREEOH VWRQHV

DGHVDUHDUUDQJHGDFFRUGLQJWRRQHSULQFLSOH$KLJK

SHGHVWDOSDUWZKLFKIRUPHGWKHSOLQWKZDVPDGHVHSD

UDWH7KHFHQWUDOSDUWRIWKHIDoDGHLVWKHZDOOGHSULYHG

RIDUWLFXODWLRQZLWKRJLYDOZLQGRZVVXUPRXQWHGE\WKH

EHOWLQJ IULH]H 7ZR PDVVLYH EXWWUHVVHV ZKLFK VXSSRUW

SLQQDFOHV ZHUH SODFHG LQ WKH HDVWHUQ FRUQHUV RI WKH

V HDVWHUQ IDoDGH ZLWK WKUHHD[LV

SDQHOJDEOHLVWKHPRVWGHFRUDWLYH)LJD7KHSDQHOV

LQ WKH ORZHU SDUW RI WKH JDEOH DUH ILOOHG ZLWK WUDFHU\

GHFRUDWLRQV,QWKHXSSHUSDUWWKHUHLVDSDQHOLQWKHIRUP

RIDQRFXOXV

$V RSSRVHG WR WKH IODW H[WHUQDO IURQWV WKH LQWHUQDO

FKDQFHOZDOOV DUH GLYLGHG LQWRED\V E\ PHDQV RIDUFDGH

EOLQGZLQGRZV3DVVDJHVRIYDXOWVZHUHVLWXDWHGEHWZHHQ

DUFDGHV,QWKHFRUQHUVRIWKHFKDQFHOWKH\KDYHDIRUPRI

VWUDLJKW FDQWLOHYHUV EXW WKH\ ZHUH GHVWUR\HG EHWZHHQ

ED\V0DVVLYHULEVRIWKHFURVVDQGULEEHGYDXOWDUHEDVHG

RQWKHFDQWLOHYHUV7KHULEVHFWLRQLVQRWFRPSOLFDWHG±LW

UHPLQGVDEHOWULEZLWKVODQWLQJFRUQHUV

3UREDEO\ DW WKH VDPH WLPH D VDFULVW\ ZDV FRQYHUWHG

IURPWKHFKDQFHODOVRLQWKHQRUWK,WVQRUWKHUQIDoDGHZDV

FRPSOHWHO\UHEXLOW

7KH FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI WKH QRUWKHUQ ZDOO RI WKH FKDQFHO

RYHVWKDWRULJLQDOO\LWZDVWKHVDFULVW\,QWKHEDVHPHQWRI

WKHQRUWKHUQIURQWLQWKHHDVWHUQED\WKHUHLVVWLOODVHPLFLU

FXODUDUFDGHEOLQGZLQGRZ,QWKHFKDQFHOLQWHULRUZHFDQ

VHHDQRJLYDOEOLQGZLQGRZVLWXDWHGKLJKHU7KHVHHOHPHQWV

VKRZWKDWWKHVDFULVW\ZDVSODQQHG:HFDQQRWH[FOXGHWKH

IDFW WKDW RULJLQDOO\ LW ZDV WZRVWRUH\ ZLWK D VPDOO FKRLU

PDWURQHXP 3HUKDSV WKH WXQQHO EDUUHO YDXOW DORQJ ZLWK

SRO\FKURPHUHOLFWVGLVFRYHUHGUHFHQWO\LVDOVRRULJLQDO

3UREDEO\ LW ZDV GHVWUR\HG GXULQJ ILUHV DQG FKDQJHG

GXULQJODWHUUHSDLUZRUNV$QGSHUKDSVDWWKDWWLPHLQWHU

ED\VEXWWUHVVHVDWWKHVRXWKHUQDQGQRUWKHUQID DGHVZHUH

DOVRHOLPLQDWHG

7DEOH%ULFNVL]HVLQYDULRXVSDUWVRIFKXUFKZDOOV

1R /RFDWLRQ $UUDQJHPHQW 6L]H 7\SH





















:HVWHUQID DGH

6RXWKZHVWEXWWUHVV

6RXWKHUQID DGHRIQDYHE\EXWWUHVV

6RXWKHUQID DGHRIQDYH

6RXWKHUQSRUFK

6RXWKHUQIDFDGHSUHVE\WHU\

9HVWU\

9HVWU\YHVWLEXOH

6RXWKHDVWEXWWUHVV

(DVWHUQID DGHSUHVE\WHU\

(DVWHUQID DGHSUHVE\WHU\

1RUWKHDVWEXWWUHVV

:HVWHUQH[WHQVLRQ

1RUWKHUQIDoDGHRIQDYH

1RUWKZHVWEXWWUHVV

PL[HG

PL[HG

9HGLF

9HGLF

9HGLF

PL[HG

  

 

  

 

  

  

  

 

 

  





 

  

  

 

 

 

 

 

  

  

PDFKLQH

 ,UUHJXODUDQG9HGLFDUUDQJHPHQW

 (ZDàXĪ\QLHFND

$WWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHFKDQFHOFRQVWUXFWLRQWKHQDYH

ZDVSUREDEO\ WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW LQWKHGHVLJQ3KDVH,,

± *RWKLF VLQFH WKH QDYH ZDV DGGHG RQ WKH OLQH RI WKH

URRGDUFK,IWKHFKDQFHOKDGIXQFWLRQHGLQGHSHQGHQWO\IRU

VRPHWLPHGLDJRQDOEXWWUHVVHVZRXOGKDYHSUREDEO\VXU

YLYHG±VLPLODUO\WR0DULDQFH

7KH VRXWKHUQ DQG QRUWKHUQ ZDOOV DV ZHOO DV HDVWHUQ

FRUQHUVRIWKHQDYHKDYHEHHQSUHVHUYHGLQWKHLURULJLQDO

IRUPVXQWLOWRGD\7KHLUZDOOVDUHGLIIHUHQWIURPWKHFKDQ

FHOZDOOV7KHDUUDQJHPHQWRIRJLYDOFRQVWUXFWLRQVFDQEH

VHHQERWKRXWVLGHDVZHOODVRQWKHLQWHULRURIWKHVWUXF

WXUH 7KHVH DUH RJLYDO ZLQGRZV LQ WKH VRXWKHUQ IDoDGH

)LJ&KXUFKIDoDGHVDHDVWHUQRIWKHSUHVE\WHU\EQRUWKHUQRIWKHQDYHSKRWR(àXĪ\QLHFND

,O(OHZDFMHNRĞFLRáDDZVFKRGQLDSUH]ELWHULXPESyáQRFQDQDZ\IRW(àXĪ\QLHFND

)LJ'DWLQJVXJJHVWLRQVDQGPHDVXUHPHQWVRIWKHSDUWLFXODUSDUWVRIWKHFKXUFKDSURMHFWLRQEHDVWHUQIDoDGHFVRXWKHUQIDoDGHGVRXWKHUQ

SRUWDOEHJLQQLQJRIWKH

FHQWXU\ILUVWSDUWRIWKH FHQWXU\FLUFDFLUFDFLUFDE\=:$3:U

,O3URSR]\FMDGDWRZDQLDLSRPLDU\SRV]F]HJyOQ\FKF]ĊĞFLNRĞFLRáDDU]XWEHOHZDFMDZVFKRGQLDFHOHZDFMDSRáXGQLRZDGSRUWDO

SRáXGQLRZ\SRF];,9ZSRá;,9ZRNRNRNRSUDF=:$3:U

ZKLOHLQWKHQRUWKHUQIDoDGHWKHUHDUHDUFDGHEOLQGZLQ

GRZV RI WKH VDPH VL]H )D DGHV ZHUH DGGLWLRQDOO\ VHJ

PHQWHG±EHWZHHQJRWKLFDUFKHVYHUWLFDOOHGJHV*HUPDQ

OLVHQH ZHUH SODFHG DQG DORQJ ZLWK FRUQLFHV WKH\ IRUP

DIUDPHV\VWHP)LJE

7KH GHFLVLRQ WR EXLOG VXFK GLYHUVLILHG ZDOOV RI WKH

QDYHKDGDQLQIOXHQFHRQWKHDUUDQJHPHQWRIWKHEXLOG

LQJPDWHULDO,WLVLUUHJXODULQPDQ\SODFHVEXWDWWKHIODW

SODFHVLWRIWHQKDVWKH9HGLFDUUDQJHPHQW:HFDQDOVR

VWDWH WKDW WKH QDYH ZDOOV ZHUH EXLOW LQ WZR VWDJHV

,QLWLDOO\ WKH ZDOO ZDV EXLOW XS WR WKH KHLJKW RI IRXU

PHWHUV$WWKDWWLPHSURILOHGFRUQHUVZHUHPDGHLQWKH

DUFDGHV ,Q WKH ODWHU SHULRG KLJKHU SDUWV RI WKH ZDOOV

ZHUHZLWKRXWWKHVHSURILOHV$UHDOO\LQWHUHVWLQJWHFKQR

ORJLFDODVSHFWLVWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHWRSSDUWZKLFK

VHSDUDWHVWKHQDYHDWWLFVIURPWKHFKDQFHO7KHHDVWHUQ

IURQW RI WKH JDEOH ZDV EXLOW RI EULFNV ZLWK WKH JRWKLF

DUUDQJHPHQWZKLOH WKH ZHVWHUQ IURQW ± ZLWK WKH9HGLF

DUUDQJHPHQW

7KH QDYH LQWHULRU ZDV FRYHUHG E\ WKH FHLOLQJ IURP WKH

EHJLQQLQJEXWZHDUHQRW VXUHZKHWKHUWKHSUHVHQWFHLOLQJ

ZKLFKLVSDLQWHGIURPWKHERWWRPLVDOVRRULJLQDO:HGRQRW

NQRZZKHWKHUWKHSUHVHQWIRUPRIWKHURRGDUFKLVDXWKHQWLF

DQGLILWZDVQRWFKDQJHGGXULQJIXUWKHUUHSDLUZRUNV)LJ

7KH PDLQ HQWUDQFH WR WKH FKXUFK ZDV VLWXDWHG LQ WKH

VRXWKHUQIDoDGHZKLOHQRZDGD\VLWLVFRYHUHGZLWKDODWHU

SRUFK ,W LV GHFRUDWHG ZLWK D SHUVSHFWLYH SRUWDO ZLWK

D VHSDUDWHG SHGHVWDO SDUW ,WV UHYHDO FRQVLVWV RI KROORZV

DQGDUROOPRXOGLQJ6LGHVRI WKH SRUWDO DUH DUUDQJHG LQ

YHUWLFDOOHGJHV*HUPDQOLVHQHDPRQJZKLFKWZRRJLYDO

SDQHOVDUHVLWXDWHGDERYHWKHSRUWDO7KH\FRUUHVSRQGWR

WKH LQWHUQDO RJLYDO VOHQGHU DUFDGH EOLQG ZLQGRZ ,Q LWV

LQWHULRUWKHUHLVDQHQWUDQFHKROHZKLFKLVVXUPRXQWHGE\

DVHFWLRQDUFK$ERYHWKHUHLVDEULFNHGXSDUFDGH±SHU

KDSVWKHUHPQDQWRIWKHZLQGRZ

$WWKHPRPHQWLWLVGLIILFXOWWRGHVFULEHWKHDSSHDU

DQFHRIWKHZHVWHUQSDUWRIWKHFKXUFK7KHSUHVHQWIDoDGH

ZDV EXLOW ODWHU 7KH HQWUDQFH WR WKH DWWLFV ZDV SUREDEO\

VLWXDWHGLQDQRWKHUSODFHWKDQLWLVWRGD\3HUKDSVLWVUHP

QDQWVFRQVWLWXWHWZROHYHOVRIDUFDGHEOLQGZLQGRZVDQG

DEULFNHGXSZLQGRZZKLFKLVSUHVHUYHGLQWKHZHVWHUQ

ED\RIWKHQRUWKHUQZDOO

&RQVWUXFWLRQFKDQJHVLQWKHEDURTXHWLPHVZHUHFRQ

QHFWHGZLWKWKHLQWHULRUUHRUJDQL]DWLRQDQGDGDSWDWLRQWR

WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV RI WKH 3URWHVWDQW FKXUFK 3KDVH ,,,

± %DURTXH $OO WKLV ZDV FRQQHFWHG ZLWK EXLOGLQJ

DZRRGHQZHVWHUQPDWURQHXPDQGWKHRUJDQLQ7KH

PDWURQHXPZKLFKLVSURWUXGLQJWRZDUGVWKHQDYHLVVXS

)LJ&KXUFKLQWHULRUDQDYHDQGSUHVE\WHU\EFDQWLOHYHUVLQWKHSUHVE\WHU\QRUWKHDVWQRUWKZHVWSKRWR(àXĪ\QLHFND

,O:QĊWU]HNRĞFLRáDDQDZDLSUH]ELWHULXPEZVSRUQLNLZSUH]ELWHULXPSyáQRFQRZVFKRGQLSyáQRFQR]DFKRGQLIRW(àXĪ\QLHFND

)LJ&KXUFKDWWLFVDQHDUWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQFUDQHLQSUHVE\WHU\EQDYHSKRWR(àXĪ\QLHFND

,O6WU\FK\NRĞFLRáDDNRáRGĨZLJXEXGRZODQHJRZSUH]ELWHULXPEQDZDIRW(àXĪ\QLHFND

 (ZDàXĪ\QLHFND

SRUWHGE\IRXUFROXPQVZKLFKUHDFKWKHFHLOLQJ,WLVSRV

VLEOHWKDW LQ WKLV SHULRGWKHZRRGHQ URRI IUDPLQJ RIWKH

QDYHZDVEXLOWZKLFKZDVEDVHGRQWKHEXLOWXSHDVWHUQ

WRSZLWKWLPEHUIUDPLQJ)LJ3UREDEO\WKHSXOSLWDOVR

GDWHVIURPWKH%DURTXHWLPHV:HFDQDOVRDVVXPHWKDWDW

WKDW WLPH WKH VDFULVW\ LQWHULRU ZDV H[WHQGHG WR WKH ZHVW

GLUHFWLRQ+RZHYHULQRUGHUWRFRQILUPWKLVWKHVLVVRPH

DGGLWLRQDOH[DPLQDWLRQVDUHQHFHVVDU\

:HGRQRWNQRZWKHUHDVRQVEHKLQGVXFKH[WHQVLYHUHSDLU

ZRUNV RI WKH FKXUFK ZKLFK SUREDEO\ WRRN SODFH LQ 

3KDVH,9±QHR*RWKLF7KHUHSDLUFRQVLVWHGLQFKDQJLQJ

RUEXLOGLQJIURPVFUDWFKWKHZKROHZHVWHUQZDOODQGPDNLQJ

QHZZLQGRZWUDFHU\7KLVSDUWZDVEXLOWRIPDFKLQHEULFNV

ZLWKDEORFNDUUDQJHPHQW&RQFXUUHQWO\DQHZPDLQHQWUDQ

FHZDVEXLOWZKLFKOHGXQGHUWKHFKRLUPDWURQHXP

$WWKHVDPHWLPHDQHZVDFULVW\LQWKHVRXWKZDVEXLOW

ZKLFKKDGWKHIRUPRIDKRXVHH[WHQVLRQDQGZDVFRYHUHG

ZLWKDJDEOHURRI,WVVRXWKHUQZDOOFRUUHVSRQGHGWRWKH

DUUDQJHPHQWVRIWKHJRWKLFID DGHVRIWKHFKXUFK,QWKH

ORZHUSDUWWKUHHRJLYDOVZHUHSODFHGWKHPLGGOHRIZKLFK

ZDV D ZLQGRZ ZKLOH WKH VLGH RJLYDOV ZHUH EOLQG ZLQ

GRZV

+LJKHUWKHUHLVDWRSZKLFKLVVHSDUDWHGZLWKDFRUQLFH

DQGGLYLGHGLQWRWKUHHSDUWVE\PHDQVRISLODVWHUVFKDQJ

LQJ LQWR SLQQDFOHV %HWZHHQ SLODVWHUV WKHUH DUH DUFDGH

EOLQG ZLQGRZV 7KH VDFULVW\ LQWHULRU LV FRYHUHG ZLWK

DFURVVYDXOWDQGLQLWVFRUQHUWKHUHLVDUHOLFWRIWKHKHDW

LQJVWRYH7KHFKLPQH\RIWKLVVWRYHLVYLVLEOHRXWVLGHDW

WKHFKDQFHOZDOOXQWLOWRGD\

7KH UHFHQW PRVW LPSRUWDQW EXLOGLQJ ZRUNV LQ WKH

FKXUFK DUH FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH UHSDLU ZRUNV LQ 

3KDVH 9 ± QHR*RWKLF 7KHQ WKH ZDOOV ZHUH EXLOW RI

EULFNVLQWKHEORFNDUUDQJHPHQW3UREDEO\DWWKDWWLPHWKH

VRXWKHUQSRUFKZDVEXLOWREVFXULQJLQWKLVZD\WKHJRWKLF

SRUWDO,WKDVWKHIRUPRIDQH[WHQVLRQZLWKDJDEOHURRI

,WV VRXWKHUQ ZDOO DORQJ ZLWK WKH SRUWDO GRHV QRW KDYH

DVHSDUDWHWRSDVLWZDVLQWKHFDVHRIWKHVDFULVW\$OVRWKH

WRS KDV D GLIIHUHQW IRUP DQG LW FRQVLVWV RI SLQQDFOHV

DUUDQJHGLQDVWHSSHGZD\ZKLFKDUHFRYHUHGZLWKVPDOO

3UREDEO\ WKH ZDOO RI WKH QRUWKHUQ H[WHQVLRQ ZDV

UHQRYDWHG VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ ZLWK WKH SRUFK 7KH FKXUFK

EXWWUHVVHV ZHUH UHLQIRUFHG DQG WKH VDFULVW\ YHVWLEXOH

ZDVEXLOW,QWKHZDOOVRIWKHVHSDUWVRIWKHFKXUFKWKH

EXLOGLQJPDWHULDOLVLGHQWLFDODQGZLWKWKHVDPHDUUDQJH

PHQW 0RUHRYHU WKH SRUFK SRUWDO KDV VLPLODU SURSRU

WLRQVDQGLWLVEXLOWLQWKHVDPHZD\DVWKHHQWUDQFHWR

WKHYHVWLEXOH

)LJ&KXUFKHVZLWKVLPLODUO\SODQQHGSUHVE\WHULHV'REU]\NL

*UXWWD3DSRZR*U]\ZQR1LHGĨZLHGĨE\=:$3:U

,O.RĞFLRá\RSRGREQLHUR]SODQRZDQ\FKSUH]ELWHULDFK'REU]\NL

*UXWWD3DSRZR*U]\ZQR1LHGĨZLHGĨRSUDF=:$3:U

)LJ%ULFNDUUDQJHPHQWLQJDEOHEHWZHHQQDYHDQGSUHVE\WHU\

IURQWVDHDVWHUQEZHVWHUQSKRWR(àXĪ\QLHFND

,O8NáDGFHJLHáZV]F]\FLHPLĊG]\QDZąDSUH]ELWHULXPOLFD

DZVFKRGQLHE]DFKRGQLHIRW(àXĪ\QLHFND

7KHFKXUFKLQ'REU]\NLLVDVWUXFWXUHZKLFKUHIOHFWV

WKHKLVWRU\RIWKHWHUUDLQRQZKLFKLWZDVEXLOW7KHLGHD

RILWVFRQVWUXFWLRQVKRXOGEHFRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHWLPHVRI

WKHYLOODJHORFDWLRQLQDERXW+RZHYHULWLVGLIIL

FXOWWRGHILQHXQDPELJXRXVO\ZKHQEXLOGLQJRIWKHFKDQ

FHOVWDUWHG ,WV VLPSOHIRUPV PD\ LQGLFDWH WKDW LWPLJKW

KDYH VWDUWHG VRRQ DIWHU WKH YLOODJH KDG EHHQ VHWWOHG

$QDORJRXVO\DUUDQJHGFKDQFHOVDOVRDSSHDULQIRXUHDU

OLHU YLOODJH FKXUFKHV LQ WKH .XMDZVNR3RPRUVNLH

9RLYRGVKLS)LJ7KHFKXUFKLQ*UXWWDKDVQRWRZHU

DQG LW KDV D WZRED\ FKDQFHO FORVHG VWUDLJKW DQG GDWHV

IURPWKH\HDUV±7KHFKXUFKFKDQFHOLQ3DSyZ

LV DOVR FORVHG VWUDLJKW DQG GDWHV IURP WKH \HDUV ±

,WLVWKRXJKWWKDWWKHFKXUFKFKDQFHOLQ1LHGĨZLHGĨ

DQGWKHFKXUFKLQ*U]\ZQRZHUHEXLOWVRPHWLPHODWHU

LHDWWKHWXUQRIWKH

FHQWXU\

7KHUHIRUH WKH FKDQFHO PLJKW KDYH EHHQ EXLOW DW WKH

EHJLQQLQJRIWKH FHQWXU\:HFDQDOVRDVVXPHWKDWWKH

EUHDNEHWZHHQEXLOGLQJWKHFKDQFHODQGWKHQDYHZDVQRW

ORQJ 7KH HDVWHUQ SDUW ZDV HUHFWHG ZKLOH GHVLJQLQJ WKH

ZHVWHUQ SDUW $SSUR[LPDWHO\ WKH WLPH RI EXLOGLQJ WKH

QDYHGDWHVIURPWKHILUVWKDOIRIWKH

FHQWXU\3HUKDSV

LWZLOOSRVVLEOHWRVSHFLI\WKLVGDWHPRUHDFFXUDWHO\LQWKH

IXWXUHE\XVLQJDEVROXWHGDWLQJPHWKRGVHJE\PHDQVRI

DVWLOOLPSURYHGPHWKRGRIGDWLQJPRUWDUE\D&



GDWLQJPHWKRG

$QLQWHUHVWLQJWHFKQRORJLFDOIHDWXUHLVZRUWKQRWLFLQJ

DVZHOO7KH9HGLFDUUDQJHPHQWRIEULFNVZKLFKLQ SDU

 

 $UFKLWHFWXUDOH[DPLQDWLRQVRIWKHSDULVKFKXUFKLQ'REU]\NL 

>@%RHWWLFKHU$'LH%DXXQG.XQVWGHQNPlOHUGHU3URYLQ]2VWSUHXHQ

9RO'DV2EHUODQG.|QLJVEHUJS

>@'HKLR*+DQGEXFKGHUGHXWVFKHQ.XQVWGHQNPlOHU'HXWVFKRUGHVODQG

( *DOO HG 0QFKHQ%HUOLQ  S  'HKLR+DQGEXFK GHU

GHXWVFKHQ .XQVWGHQNPlOHU :HVW XQG 2VWSUHXHQ 0$QWRQL HG

0QFKHQS

>@+HUUPDQQ &K 0LWWHODOWHUOLFKH $UFKLWHNWXU LP 3UHXVVHQODQG

8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ ]XU )UDJH GHU .XQVWODQGVKDIW XQG *HRJUDSKLH

3HWHUVEHUJSS±

>@+XEDWVFK : *HVFKLFKWH GHU (ZDQJHOLVFKHQ .LUFKHQ *|WWLQJHQ

9ROS

>@.DUWD HZLGHQF\MQD ]DE\WNyZ DUFKLWHNWXU\ L EXGRZQLFWZD 2ĞURGND

'RNXPHQWDFML=DE\WNyZZ:DUV]DZLH1RNHSWLQ2:

62=2OV]W\Q

>@/R\DO'6DNUDOH%DFNVWHLQJRWLNLP(UQODQG%RQQS

>@6FKPLG % 'LH %DX XQG .XQVWGHQNPlOHU GHU GHU 2UGHQV]HLW LQ

3UHXHQ9RO3RPHVDQLHQGDV2EHUODQGXQGGDV*URH:HUGHU

0DULHQEXUJS

>@3UHXLVFKHV 8UNXQGHQEXFK 9RO  SDUW  $ 6HUDSKLP HG

.|QLJVEHUJ1R

5HIHUHQFHV

%DGDQLDDUFKLWHNWRQLF]QHSURZDG]RQRZUZ'REU]\NDFKZVL

SRáRĪRQHMZZRMHZyG]WZLHZDUPLĔVNRPD]XUVNLPQDWHUHQLH3RMH]LHU]D

,áDZVNLHJR=HVSyáRSUDFRZXMąF\WHQWHPDWNLHURZDQ\SU]H]SURI(ZĊ

àXĪ\QLHFNąVNáDGDáVLĊ]HVWXGHQWyZ:\G]LDáX$UFKLWHNWXU\3ROLWHFKQLNL

:URFáDZVNLHM.DWDU]\QD'RURV].DUROLQD&LFKRĔ 1DWDOLD-DJLHOVND

$JQLHV]ND5DEĊGD%DGDQLD]RVWDá\SU]HSURZDG]RQH]LQLFMDW\Z\:DU

PLĔVNR0D]XUVNLHJR:RMHZyG]NLHJR.RQVHUZDWRUD=DE\WNyZZ2OV]

W\QLH L G]LĊNL SRPRF\ NVLĊG]D SURERV]F]D 0DULXV]D 3DZOLNRZVNLHJR

RUD]PLHV]NDĔFyZ'REU]\N]DFRDXWRUNDVNáDGDVHUGHF]QHSRG]LĊNR

ZDQLD

1D SRGVWDZLH EDGDĔ VWZLHUG]RQR ĪH NRĞFLyá QLH MHVW ]EXGRZDQ\

MHGQRURGQLHDUyĪQLFHIRUPDOQHLWHFKQRORJLF]QHSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKF]Ċ

ĞFL EXGRZOLSR]ZROLá\QD Z\G]LHOHQLHSLĊFLXJáyZQ\FKID]EXGRZOD

Q\FK=DP\Vá MHJREXGRZ\ QDOHĪ\ ]DSHZQH ZLą]Dü ] F]DVHP ORNDFML

ZVLRNRáRU7UXGQRMHGQDNMHGQR]QDF]QLHRNUHĞOLüNLHG\]DF]ĊWR

Z]QRVLü SUH]ELWHULXP -HJR SURVWHIRUP\ PRJą ZVND]\ZDüQD WRĪH

PRJáRWRE\üZNUyWFHSR]DVLHGOHQLXRVDG\F]\OLQDSRF]ąWNX;,9Z

0RĪQDWDNĪHSU]\SXV]F]DüĪH SU]HUZD PLĊG]\EXGRZąSUH]ELWHULXP

LQDZ\QLHE\áDGáXJD3U]\SXV]F]DOQLHQDZĊZ]QLHVLRQRZSRá;,9

Z.ROHMQHSU]HEXGRZ\PLDá\PLHMVFHRNLU

: F]DVLH SURZDG]RQ\FK Z  U EDGDĔ DUFKLWHNWRQLF]Q\FK

XGDáRVLĊF]ĊĞFLRZRRGWZRU]\üHWDS\EXGRZ\NRĞFLRáD1DGDOMHGQDN

QLH ZLDGRPR MDN Z\JOąGDáD SLHUZRWQLH F]ĊĞü ]DFKRGQLD NRĞFLRáD

L F]\ LVWQLDáD Z W\P F]DVLH PXURZDQD ZLHĪD 1D RGSRZLHGĨ F]HND

WDNĪHS\WDQLHF]\ ]DNU\VWLDE\áD SLĊWURZDL F]\ ZMHMZQĊWU]XE\á\

VFKRG\1LHMHVWWDNĪH]QDQDSLHUZRWQDNRORU\VW\NDZQĊWU]DDRGNU\

WHRVWDWQLRSROLFKURPLHPRJąZVND]\ZDü QDLVWQLHQLH]DFKRZDQ\FK

PDODWXU 1D ZV]\VWNLH WH S\WDQLD PRĪQD EĊG]LH RGSRZLHG]LHü SRG

F]DV SU]\V]á\FK EDGDĔ LREVHUZDFML SURZDG]RQ\FK E\ü PRĪH SRG

F]DVNROHMQ\FKUHPRQWyZRUD]QDSUDZNRĞFLRáD

%DGDQLDDUFKLWHNWRQLF]QHNRĞFLRáDSDUDILDOQHJRZ'REU]\NDFK

WLFXODURIWHQDSSHDUVLQVRXWKHUQ3RODQGLVFRQVLGHUHGWR

EHHDUOLHUWKDQWKHJRWKLFRQH,QWKHFDVHRIWKHFKXUFKLQ

'REU]\NLERWKWHFKQLTXHVRISODFLQJWKHEXLOGLQJPDWHULDO

ZHUHXVHGDWWKHVDPHWLPH7KHWRSZKLFKVHSDUDWHVWKH

QDYHDWWLFVIURPWKHFKDQFHOFRQVWLWXWHVWKHSURRIRIWKLV

7KHHDVWHUQ IDFH RIWKH WRS ZDV EXLOWRI EULFNV ZLWK WKH

JRWKLF DUUDQJHPHQW ZKLOH WKH ZHVWHUQ IURQW ± ZLWK WKH

9HGLFDUUDQJHPHQW)LJ

'XULQJWKHDUFKLWHFWXUDOUHVHDUFKLQLWZDVSRV

VLEOH WR UHFRQVWUXFW SDUWLDOO\ WKH VWDJHV RI EXLOGLQJ WKH

FKXUFK +RZHYHU ZH VWLOO GR QRW NQRZ WKH RULJLQDO

DSSHDUDQFHRIWKHZHVWHUQSDUWRIWKHFKXUFKDQGZKHWKHU

WKHUHZDVDEULFNWRZHUDWWKDWWLPH7KHTXHVWLRQZKHWK

HUWKHVDFULVW\KDGRQHIORRUDQGLIWKHUHZHUHVWDLUVLQVLGH

LVVWLOOZDLWLQJIRUDQDQVZHU:HGRQRWNQRZWKHRULJLQDO

FRORXURIWKHLQWHULRUDQGUHFHQWO\GLVFRYHUHGSRO\FKURP\

PD\LQGLFDWHWKHH[LVWHQFHRISUHVHUYHGSDLQWLQJ

$OOWKHVHLVVXHVFDQEHDGGUHVVHGGXULQJIXWXUHH[SOR

UDWLRQDQGUHVHDUFKWREHFDUULHGRXWIRUH[DPSOHDORQJ

ZLWKIXWXUHUHFRQVWUXFWLRQZRUNVDQGPDLQWHQDQFHRIWKH

FKXUFK

.H\ZRUGVDUFKLWHNWXUHFKXUFKFRPPXQLW\'REU]\NL

6áRZDNOXF]RZHDUFKLWHNWXUDNRĞFLyáSDUD¿D'REU]\NL

7UDQVODWHGE\%6HWNRZLF]

 (ZDàXĪ\QLHFND

'UDZQE\.:LHU]ELFND