Etyka w praktyce proekologicznego procesu projektowego

GHVLJQSURFHVV 

 

 0Q

(OĪELHWD'5\ĔVND

(WKLFVLQSUDFWLFH±DVXVWDLQDEOHGHVLJQSURFHVV

7KH PDMRULW\ RI VWUXFWXUHV GHVLJQHG LQ RXU WLPHV DQG

HUHFWHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHFRQYHQWLRQDOSULQFLSOHVRIGHVLJQ

DQGUHDOL]DWLRQKDYHOLWWOHLQFRPPRQZLWKPDLQWDLQLQJWKH

QDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWVWDQGDUG±DQGGLUHFWO\±VXVWDLQDEOH

GHYHORSPHQW,QWKHLUHQWLUHW\WKHEXLOGLQJVFRQVWLWXWHDQ

H[DPSOHRIKLJKH[SHQGLWXUHLQYHVWPHQWVDQGWKHLURZQHUV

KDYHWRKDYHDFFHVVWRDVLJQLILFDQWFDSLWDOVWRFN7KHFRQ

YHQWLRQDOVWUXFWXUHVXVHDORWRIHQHUJ\SURGXFHHQRUPRXV

DPRXQWV RI ZDVWH ± GXULQJ UHDOL]DWLRQ DV ZHOO DV DW WKH

XVDJHSKDVH±DQGVRPHWLPHVWKH\KDYHDQHJDWLYHLPSDFW

RQWKHLUXVHUV7KHUHIRUHDOOµRWKHU¶DWWLWXGHVWRZDUGVWKH

ZKROHOLYLQJF\FOHRIEXLOGLQJVRXJKWWREHWKHVXEMHFWRI

LQGHSWK UHVHDUFK DQG HWKLFDO FRQVLGHUDWLRQ RQ WKH RQH

KDQGFRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH GHYHORSPHQWRIRXUFXOWXUHDQG

FLYLOL]DWLRQZKLOHRQWKHRWKHUKDQGZLWKWKHQHFHVVLW\WR

SUHVHUYHWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWIRUKXPDQNLQG

6XVWDLQDEOH GHVLJQ SURFHVV LV E\ QR PHDQV D VLQJOH

RFFXUUHQFH,WLVUDWKHUDFRQVWDQWSURFHVVWKDWLVVXEMHFWWR

FRQWLQXRXVLPSURYHPHQW DQG EURDGHQLQJWKHNQRZOHGJH

RI WKH SHUVRQV LQYROYHG LQ WKH EXLOGLQJ LQGXVWU\ 7KLV

LVVXHFRQVWLWXWHVWKHWRSLFRIWKLVDUWLFOH

7KHFRQWHPSRUDU\PDQVSHQGVDOPRVWRIWLPHLQ

WKHGHYHORSHGHQYLURQPHQW$JLYHQOLIHVW\OH±DSDUWIURP

SRVLWLYHHIIHFWV± DOVRJLYHVULVH WRSURGXFLQJHQRUPRXV

DPRXQWV RI ZDVWH HPLVVLRQ RI KDUPIXO VXEVWDQFHV DQG

ILQDOO\ GLVDSSHDUDQFH RI DJULFXOWXUDO DUHDV DQG ZRRG

ODQGV7KHUHIRUHLWLVVRPHKRZVXUSULVLQJWKDWWKHUHDUH

QR HWKLFDO FDQRQV ZKLFK GHDO ZLWK PRUDO DVSHFWV RI WKH

DUFKLWHFWXUDOFUHDWLYHDFWLYLW\ LQWKHFRQWH[WRISUHVHUYD

WLRQRIWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWDQGUDZPDWHULDOV)LUVWRI

DOO ZH PXVW SRVH VHYHUDO TXHVWLRQV :KDW GRHV D SUR

HQYLURQPHQWDOGHVLJQSURFHVVPHDQ":KLFKSDUWLFLSDQWRI

WKH LQYHVWPHQW SURFHVV LV HWKLFDOO\ UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH

ILQDO VKDSH RI WKH UHDOLVHG VWUXFWXUH" ,Q ZKDW ZD\ WKH

DVVXPSWLRQV RI SURHQYLURQPHQWDO HWKLFV FDQ EH WDNHQ

LQWRDFFRXQWLQWKHDUFKLWHFWXUDOGHVLJQSURFHVV"

$FFRUGLQJWR WKH 3UHDPEOHWRWKH &RGHRI3URIHVVLRQDO

(WKLFV RI $UFKLWHFWV $UFKLWHFWV LQGHSHQGHQWO\ RI WKH IDFW

ZKRHPSOR\VWKHPDQGRQZKDWFRQGLWLRQVWKH\DUHHPSOR\HG

>«@DWWDFKJUHDWLPSRUWDQFHWRPHHWLQJWKHKLJKHVWVWDQG

DUGV RI LQGHSHQGHQFH LPSDUWLDOLW\ >«@ FRPSHWHQFH DQG

SURIHVVLRQDOLVP>«@ LQ WKLVZD\RIIHULQJWKHVRFLHW\WKHLU

VSHFLDODQGH[FHSWLRQDONQRZOHGJHVNLOOVDQGWDOHQWVZKLFK

DUHQHFHVVDU\WRGHYHORSVRFLDOFXOWXUHDQGWKHTXDOLW\RIWKH

H[LVWLQJHQYLURQPHQW0RUHRYHUDUFKLWHFWVLQWKHLUFUHDWLYH

DFWLYLW\UHVSHFWWKHH[LVWLQJYDOXHVQDWXUDODQGFXOWXUDOKHU

LWDJHDQGPDNHHIIRUWVWRSUHVHUYHDQGGHYHORSWKHP7KH\

DLPDWLPSURYLQJWKHTXDOLW\RIOLIHDQGUHVLGLQJLQDJLYHQ

SODFHDQGWKHTXDOLW\RIWKHHQYLURQPHQWLQDZD\ZKLFKGRHV

QRWGLVWXUEWKHLUPXWXDO EDODQFH>«@$UFKLWHFWVDUH HGX

FDWHGPDLQO\LQWKHWHFKQLFDODQGDUWLVWLFLQIRUPDWLRQDOWUHQG

GLUHFWO\ FRQQHFWHG ZLWK DQ HQRUPRXV DPRXQW RI GHVLJQ

NQRZOHGJH WKDW LV WR EH DFTXLUHG ,Q PDQ\ DWWLWXGHV WR

GHVLJQLQJWKHH[LVWLQJDQGWHVWHGVWHUHRW\SHVDUHLQIUHTXHQW

XVH 7RGD\ D QHZ JURXQG RI IXUWKHU DFWLYLWLHV FRQVWLWXWHV

ZLGHO\ XQGHUVWRRG SURHQYLURQPHQWDOSULQFLSOHV IRUZKLFK

WKHUHDUHQRH[LVWLQJVROXWLRQVDVDUHVXOWWKLVGLUHFWLRQLQ

GHVLJQLVUHMHFWHGDVDFKDQJLQJµIDVKLRQ¶4XLWHRIWHQLQWKH

3ROLVKDUFKLWHFWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWZHFDQDOVRKHDURSLQLRQV

WKDWWKHQRWLRQRIµVXVWDLQDEOHHQYLURQPHQW¶LVDOUHDG\µRXWRI

WLPH¶DQGWKHUHIRUHWKLVWRSLFLVQRWZRUWKSD\LQJDWWHQWLRQWR

$ORQJZLWKWKHLUDFWLYLWLHVLQWKHFUHDWLYHGRPDLQGHVLJQHUV

IXQFWLRQLQWKHVSKHUHRISURIHVVLRQDOHWKLFVZKLFKLVQRWWREH

PLVWDNHQIRUPRUDOLW\7KHSXUSRVHRIHWKLFVLQFOXGLQJSURIHV

VLRQDOHWKLFVRIDUFKLWHFWVLVWRVHDUFKIRUEDVLFSKLORVRSKLFDO

SUHPLVHVRQWKHEDVLVRIZKLFKLWZRXOGEHSRVVLEOHWRDUULYH

DWUDWLRQDOVHWVRIPRUDORUGHUV3URHQYLURQPHQWDOHWKLFVFRQ

VWLWXWHVDSDUWRIHQYLURQPHQWDOSKLORVRSKLFDOWKRXJKWLQZKLFK

WKHWUDGLWLRQDOERUGHUVRIHWKLFVZHUHH[WHQGHGWRLQFOXGHHOH

PHQWVSHUWDLQLQJWRDQH[WUDDQWKURSRPRUSKLFZRUOG

'HFLVLRQVPDGHE\DUFKLWHFWVDQGGHVLJQHUVGXULQJ

WKH GHVLJQ SURFHVV DUH LQIOXHQFHG E\ WKH DHVWKHWLF

WHFKQLFDO ILQDQFLDO HWKLFDO DQG VRFLDO YDOXHV WKH\

DVVXPH+RZHYHUDUFKLWHFWVDUHQRWDOZD\VXQGHUWKH

LQIOXHQFHRI WKH VDPH FLUFXPVWDQFHV DQG WKHLU LQWHQ

)DFXOW\RI$UFKLWHFWXUH:DUVDZ8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\

 (OĪELHWD'5\ĔVND

WLRQVDV ZHOODVWUDLQVRIWKRXJKWVFDQDOVREHGLIIHU

HQW 7KH DFFHSWHG DVVXPSWLRQV DQG HWKLFDO DWWLWXGHV

GHSHQG RQ WKH VFKRRO RI DUFKLWHFWXUH DFFRUGLQJ WR

ZKLFKGHVLJQHUV ZHUH HGXFDWHG DQG RQ DQ LQGLYLGXDO

DSSURDFK WR WKH PDQQHU RI VROYLQJ GHVLJQ SUREOHPV

ZKLFKRIWHQUHVXOWVIURPWKHLUH[SHULHQFH

7KH UDSLG GHYHORSPHQW RI DUFKLWHFWXUDO DQG WHFKQR

ORJLFDO VROXWLRQV ZKLFK KDV WDNHQ SODFH LQ WKH ODVW 

\HDUVKDVEURXJKWDERXWDQDHVWKHWLFDODQGVW\OLVWLFGLYHU

VLW\1HYHUWKHOHVVZHFDQGLVWLQJXLVKVHYHUDOFKDUDFWHULV

WLF GHVLJQ DWWLWXGHV WKDW LQIOXHQFH WKH JXLGLQJ HWKLFDO

SULQFLSOHFRQWDLQHGLQGHVLJQV7KH\DUHDVIROORZV

 DUWLVWLF DWWLWXGH ± EDVHG RQ WKH FRQYLFWLRQ DERXW DQ

HQRUPRXV YDOXH RI LQGLYLGXDO H[SUHVVLRQ DQG LQWHUQDO

LQWXLWLRQZKLFKDUHLQGLVSHQVDEOHLQWKHGHVLJQSURFHVV,W

LVDOVRDQH[SUHVVLRQRISHUVRQDOFUHDWLYHOLEHUW\

 GHVLJQLQJ LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK µWKH VSLULW RI WLPH¶ ±

DVVXPLQJ WKDW HDFK HSRFK LV FKDUDFWHULVHG E\ D VHW RI

IHDWXUHVWKDWFDQEHXVHGLQGHVLJQLQJ7KLVVHWRIYDOXHV

SRLQWVWRWKHLPSRUWDQFHRILQWHOOHFWXDODQGFXOWXUDOµFOL

PDWH¶RIWKHFKRVHQWLPHDUHD

 FRQVWUXFWLRQDO IXQFWLRQDO DQG PDWHULDO UHOLDELOLW\

VLQFHULW\RIGHVLJQYDOXHV±LQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWKHFRQ

FHSWWKDWDFRQVWUXFWLRQVKRXOGQRWFRQVWLWXWHDGHFRUDWLYH

HOHPHQW0RUHRYHU VWUXFWXUHV PXVW EH GHVLJQHGDFFRUG

LQJ WR WKH IROORZLQJ DVVXPSWLRQ µIRUP DIWHU IXQFWLRQ¶

3K\VLFDODQGWHFKQLFDOIHDWXUHVRIPDWHULDOVGLUHFWO\LQIOX

HQFHWKHIRUPDQGWKHLQWHQGHGXVH

VLPSOLFLW\DQGPLQLPDOLVPRIDGHVLJQYDOXH±PHDQ

LQJ WKDW VLPSOH IRUPV JHRPHWULFDO HOHPHQWV SODLQ VXU

IDFHVHWFUHSUHVHQWQDWXUDOIRUPVPRUHDFFXUDWHO\DQGDW

WKHVDPHWLPHWKH\DUHPRUHDFFHSWDEOHIRUXVHUV

HQYLURQPHQWDODQGRUJDQLFGHVLJQYDOXHV±FRQQHFWHG

ZLWKWKHDVVXPSWLRQWKDWQDWXUHLHDOOOLYLQJRUJDQLVPV

FDQ EH DQ LQVSLUDWLRQ WR FUHDWH IXQFWLRQDO IRUPV LQ WKH

GHVLJQSURFHVV6WUXFWXUHVGHVLJQHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKLVFRQ

FHSWUHSUHVHQWDVW\OHWKDWUHIOHFWVWKHIROORZLQJSDUDPH

WHUµIRUPIROORZVWKHVKDSHRIOLQH¶

FODVVLFDOWUDGLWLRQDODQGPRGHOOHGRQORFDOVROXWLRQV

GHVLJQYDOXHV±WKH\LQGLFDWHWKDWDEXLOGLQJRXJKWWREH

GHVLJQHG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH ORFDO FRQVWUXFWLRQ SULQFLSOHV

ZKLFKKDYH EHHQ ZRUNHG RXW WKURXJKRXW FHQWXULHV7KLV

GHVLJQYDOXHLVDOVRFRQQHFWHGZLWKUHJLRQDOGLYHUVLW\LH

FOLPDWLFGLIIHUHQFHVQDWLYHFXOWXUHZKLFKFUHDWHFKDUDF

WHULVWLFDHVWKHWLFHIIHFWV

 VRFLDO GHVLJQ YDOXHV ± WKH\ RIWHQ LQFOXGH DHVWKHWLF

SRWHQWLDOQHYHUWKHOHVVWKH\PLJKWEHLQFRQIOLFWZLWKWKH

UHPDLQLQJGHVLJQYDOXHV:LWKLQVRFLDOGHVLJQYDOXHVZH

FDQGLVWLQJXLVKWKHIROORZLQJFKDUDFWHULVWLFVXEJURXSV

GHVLJQYDOXHVFRQQHFWHGZLWKVRFLDOFKDQJHV±E\

PHDQVRIWKHVHOHFWHG VROXWLRQVWKH\DUHVXSSRVHGWR

UDLVHWKHH[LVWLQJVRFLDOVWDQGDUGV7KH\DUHFUHDWHGDV

DVHFRQGDU\HIIHFWRIWKHSROLWLFDODWWLWXGHVWKDWDFFRP

SDQ\WKHEXLOGLQJSURJUDPV

GHVLJQYDOXHVFRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHSDUWLHVSDUWLFLSDW

LQJLQWKHLQYHVWPHQWSURFHVV±WKH\UHIHUWRWKHFRQYLF

WLRQWKDWWKHLQIRUPDWLRQREWDLQHGIURPWKHSDUWLFLSDQWV

FRQVWLWXWHDVLJQLILFDQWFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKHGHVLJQSURF

HVVLQGLFDWLQJWKHUHDOVRFLDOQHHGVDQGDOORZLQJIRUWKH

PRVWHIIHFWLYHXVDJHRIWKHH[LVWLQJUHVRXUFHV

GHVLJQYDOXHVZKLFKSUHYHQWFULPLQRJHQLFHIIHFWV

IURPRFFXUULQJ±WKH\DUHUHDOLVHGE\FUHDWLQJVSDFHV

WKDWDUHVDIHLQXVH

 GHVLJQ YDOXHV FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH 7KLUG :RUOG

FRXQWULHV±DVVXSSRUWLQJWKHGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVE\

LQWHUDOLDUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHQHHGVRIWKHSRRUHVWVRFLDO

FODVVHV7KHHFRQRPLFDQGVRFLDOFRQGLWLRQVZKLFKDUH

FKDUDFWHULVWLF IRU WKHVH FRXQWULHV RIWHQ OHDG WR WKH

QHFHVVLW\WR FUHDWHµVSHFLDOVROXWLRQV¶WKDWGLIIHUIURP

WKRVH VXJJHVWHG E\ GHVLJQHUV DQG DUFKLWHFWV IRU WKH

UHVLGHQWVRIKLJKO\LQGXVWULDOLVHGFRXQWULHV

HQYLURQPHQWDOGHVLJQYDOXHV±ZKLFKDUHDFKDUDFWHULVWLF

IHDWXUH RI WKHPLG

 FHQWXU\ DQG FRQVWLWXWH WKH DUHD RI

LQWHUHVW RI WKH UHVLGHQWV RI KLJKO\ GHYHORSHG FRXQWULHV

3URWHFWLRQRIWKHHQYLURQPHQWLVQRWDQHZWRSLFDVVXFKDQG

LW LVPHQWLRQHG LQRWKHU KLVWRULFDO HSRFKV KRZHYHULQ RXU

WLPHVLWLVFORVHO\FRQQHFWHGZLWKRWKHUILHOGVRIKXPDQDFWLY

LW\LQFOXGLQJHFRV\VWHPV PDQDJHPHQW DWWHPSWWR SUHVHUYH

QRQUHQHZDEOHUHVRXUFHVVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWDQGDOVR

WKHFRQFHSWWKDWHYHU\WKLQJLQWKHHQYLURQPHQWKDVLWVYDOXH

QHFHVVLW\ WR SURWHFW DQG SUHVHUYH DOO QDWXUDO HQYLURQPHQW

UHVRXUFHV(QYLURQPHQWDOYDOXHVKDYHDOVRIRXQGWKHLUSODFH

LQDUFKLWHFWV¶FRQVLGHUDWLRQV,QWKHEXLOGLQJLQYHVWPHQWSURF

HVV WKH\FRQVWLWXWH DQH[DPSOHRI FRQQHFWLQJ WZR H[WUHPH

VROXWLRQVRIWHQIRUJRWWHQEXLOGLQJVNLOOVDQGWKHPRVWPRGHUQ

WHFKQRORJLHV 7KHVH WZR GLYHUVH DWWLWXGHV GHQRWH D SDUDOOHO

GHYHORSPHQWRIWKHKLJKWHFKDUFKLWHFWXUHDQGWKHµWUDGLWLRQDO¶

HQYLURQPHQWDOWUHQGRIHFRORJLFDORULJLQV7KHHQYLURQPHQWDO

LVVXHVDUHQRWOLPLWHGPHUHO\WRWKHOHYHORIHQHUJ\FRQVXPS

WLRQEXWWKH\UHIHUWRPDQ\RWKHUGRPDLQVZKLFKDUHPRUH

RIWHQ UHIOHFWHG LQ WKH GHVLJQ SUDFWLFH +HUH ZH FDQ GLVWLQ

JXLVKWKUHHLPSRUWDQWVXEJURXSVLQFOXGLQJ

 SURHQYLURQPHQWDO GHVLJQ YDOXH DQG VXVWDLQDEOH

GHYHORSPHQW ± UHSUHVHQWLQJ WKH FRQYLFWLRQ WKDW VXV

WDLQDEOH DQGRU HQYLURQPHQWIULHQGO\ VWUXFWXUHV KDYH

D SRVLWLYH LQIOXHQFH RQ SUHVHQW DQG IXWXUH XVHUV 7KH

EDVLF DVVXPSWLRQV UHIHU WR OLPLWLQJ HQHUJ\ FRQVXPS

WLRQQRQUHQHZDEOHUHVRXUFHVPDQDJHPHQWUHF\FOLQJ

RIPDWHULDOVSURPRWLQJWKHLQYHVWPHQWVWKDWPHHWWKH

DVVXPSWLRQRIWKHSROLF\µFUDGOHWRFUDGOH¶HWF

 GHVLJQ YDOXH RI WKH UHXVH DQG PRGLILFDWLRQ ±

DVVXPLQJ UHF\FOLQJ RI FHUWDLQ PDWHULDOV EXLOW LQWR WKH

H[LVWLQJ VWUXFWXUHV :LWKLQ WKLV YDOXH ZH FDQ LQGLFDWH

WZRVHSDUDWHWUHQGVWKHILUVWRQHUHIHUULQJWRµVHWWLQJ¶

WKHUHF\FOHGPDWHULDOVLQWRDQHZVXEVWDQFHRIWKHVWUXF

WXUH DQGWKHVHFRQG RQHDVVXPLQJµWKH DHVWKHWLF FRQ

WUDVW¶EHWZHHQWKHQHZDQGWKHROG

 GHVLJQ YDOXH FRQQHFWHG ZLWK KHDOWK ± DVVXPLQJ

WKDWWKHGHYHORSHGHQYLURQPHQWPD\FRQVWLWXWHDYDOX

DEOH FRQWULEXWLRQ LQ PDLQWDLQLQJ DSSURSULDWH SDUDPH

WHUVLQGLVSHQVDEOHIRUWKHXVHUV¶KHDOWK

HFRQRPLFGHVLJQYDOXHV±WKHVHYDOXHVDUHSUREDEO\

WKHPRVWIUHTXHQWLQPRGHUQDUFKLWHFWXUDOVROXWLRQVWKH\

KDYH RULJLQV LQ UXOHV RI ILQDQFLQJ DQG DFKLHYLQJ EHWWHU

SURILWV ZKLFK LV RIWHQ GRQH E\ HPSOR\LQJ QHZ GHVLJQ

VROXWLRQVWKDWDUHFKHDSHUWKDQWKHVWDQGDUGRQHV

7KHVHYDULRXVGHVLJQDHVWKHWLFDQGHWKLFDOYDOXHV±RIWHQ

PL[HGXSZLWKRQHDQRWKHU±FRQVWLWXWHGDEDFNJURXQGIRU

DQHQYLURQPHQWDOHWKLFVFRQFHSWWKDWHPHUJHGDVDUHVSRQVH

WRWKHUHVHDUFKHUV¶ILQGLQJVDQGWKHHYHQWVVXFKDVWKHILUVW

 (WKLFVLQSUDFWLFH±DVXVWDLQDEOHGHVLJQSURFHVV 

'D\RI(DUWKZKHQWKHSHUVRQVZKRZHUHDZDUHRI

WKHHFRORJLFDOFULVLVSRLQWHGWRWKHQHFHVVLW\RIHPSKDVL]

LQJSKLORVRSKLFDODVSHFWVRIWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQW





$QWKURSRFHQWULFLVP SODFHV PDQNLQG LQ WKH FHQWUH RI

WKH ZKROH XQLYHUVH &RQVHTXHQWO\ LQ WKH GRPLQDWLQJ

GHYHORSPHQWDOWUHQGVRI(XURSHDQFLYLOLVDWLRQRQO\SHR

SOHZHUHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWLQWKHUHIOHFWLRQVXSRQHWKLFV

RIWKHHQYLURQPHQW$FFRUGLQJWRWKLVDVVXPSWLRQHYHU\

WKLQJRXJKWWREHDVVHVVHGRQO\ZLWKUHJDUGWRLWVXVHIXO

QHVVIRUPDQ:KDWWKHDQWKURSRFHQWULFFRQFHSWVGRQRW

WDNHLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQLVWKHIDFWWKDWWKHWKHRULHVGHULYHG

IURP WKLV YLHZSRLQW GR QRW KDYH WR EH IXOO\ FRUUHFW DV

KXPDQNLQGLVQRWQHFHVVDULO\WKHFHQWUHRIWKHUHDOZRUOG

7KHSKLORVRSKHU%DUXFK6SLQR]DHYHQVWDWHGWKDWSHRSOH

DUHLQWKHKDELWRIDQLQFRUUHFWDVVHVVPHQWRIXVHIXOQHVV

RI WKH SDUWLFXODU WKLQJV +DG ZH SHUFHLYHG WKLQJV LQ DQ

REMHFWLYHZD\KHVXJJHVWHGZHZRXOGKDYHGLVFRYHUHG

WKDWHYHU\WKLQJLQWKHXQLYHUVHLVRIDXQLTXHYDOXH

3HWHU9DUG\GLVWLQJXLVKHGWZRW\SHVRIDQWKURSRFHQWUL

FLVPVWURQJZLWKPDQNLQGLQWKHFHQWUHRIWKHXQLYHUVH

DQG ZHDN DFFRUGLQJ WR ZKLFK WKH ZRUOG FDQ EH LQWHU

SUHWHGIURPDKXPDQSRLQWRIYLHZ

$QRWKHUDSSURDFKZDVGHVFULEHGE\%U\DQ1RUWRQRQHRI

WKHOHDGLQJWKLQNHUVLQHQYLURQPHQWDOHWKLFV±WKHFUHDWRURI

HQYLURQPHQWDO SUDJPDWLFV



 +H FDPH XS ZLWK D VWDWHPHQW

WKDWRQO\WKHH[WHQGHGDQWKURSRFHQWULFLVPLVDGRPDLQWKDW

VXIILFLHQWO\FRPSULVHVDIXOOLQVWUXPHQWDOYDOXHWKDWPDQNLQG

FDQREWDLQIURPWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQW

7KHUHDUHDIHZHWKLFDOWKHRULHVFRQFHUQLQJWKHQDWXUDO

HQYLURQPHQW 7KH\ LQFOXGH ELRFHQWULF DQG HFRKROLVWLF

WKHRULHV DV ZHOO DV 0LFKDHO 6PLWK¶V KXPDQLVWLF WKHRU\

ZKLFK GHWHUPLQHV WKH PRUDO VWDWXV DQG HWKLFDO YDOXHV

7KLVILHOGRIVWXG\DOVRFRPSULVHVZRUNVRI3HWHU6LQJHU

ZKRSRVWXODWHVWKHYDOXHVFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKH$ULVWRWHOLDQ

RQHV DQG SURSRVHV WKH SUHVHUYDWLRQ RI µZRUOG KHULWDJH

DUHDV¶±LQWDFWWHUUDLQVZKLFKDVWKH\IDGHDZD\DFTXLUH

DVFDUFLW\YDOXH7KHLU SUHVHUYDWLRQ LV LQGLVSHQVDEOH IRU

WKHIXWXUHJHQHUDWLRQVVRWKDWWKH\FRXOGKDYHWKHULJKWWR

GHFLGHZKHWKHUWKH\ZDQWWROHDYHWKHFRXQWU\VLGHLQWDFW

:HQHHGWRUHPHPEHUWKDWWKHFRQWHPSRUDU\SHRSOHKDYH

DQLPSDFWRQWKHIXWXUHJHQHUDWLRQVWKDWLVPXFKJUHDWHUWKDQ

ZHXVXDOO\WKLQN5RDGVWXQQHOVDQGEULGJHVZKLFKDUHUHDO

LVHGQRZDUHVXSSRVHGWRVHUYHPDQNLQGIRUVRPHRQH

\HDUVZKLOHQXFOHDUSRZHUSODQWVZLOOKDYHDQLQIOXHQFHRQ

WKHHQYLURQPHQWIRUDWOHDVWWKRXVDQG\HDUVWRFRPH

+HQFHZHFDQLPDJLQHWKDWZHKDYHDIHZSRVVLEOHVROX

WLRQVRIKRZWRXVHWKHGLVDSSHDULQJHQHUJ\UHVRXUFHV2QHRI

WKHPLVWKHVLWXDWLRQLQZKLFKZHLPSRYHULVKWKHQRQUHQHZ

DEOH UHVRXUFHV XS WR WKHOHYHORI WKHLUGLVDSSHDUDQFH$V D

UHVXOWIRUWKHQH[WIHZKXQGUHG\HDUVPDQNLQGVKDOOHQMR\D



7KHIROORZLQJWZRERRNVKDGDQLQIOXHQFHRQWKLV7KH+LVWRULFDO

URRWVRI RXU(FRORJLFDO &ULVLV E\ /\QQ :KLWH0DUFK  DQG 7KH

7UDJHG\RIWKH&RPPRQVE\*DUUHW+DUGLQ'HFHPEHUDQGDOVR

WKHHVVD\E\*DUUHW+DUGLQ([SORULQJ1HZ(WKLFVIRU6XUYLYDODQGHVVD\

E\$OGR/HRSROG7KH/DQG(WKLFLQZKLFKSKLORVRSKLFDORULJLQVRIWKH

HFRORJLFDOFULVLVZHUHH[SOLFLWO\GHVFULEHG



5HSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIWKLVWUHQGUHIXVHWRWDNHDVWDQGLQWKHGHEDWH

EHWZHHQHWKLFLVWVRIDQWKURSRPRUSKLVPDQGHWKLFLVWVZKRGRQRWSURIHVV

WKHLUUHFRJQLWLRQRIWKHVHSRLQWVRIYLHZ

KLJKVWDQGDUGRIOLYLQJIROORZHGE\DVLJQLILFDQWDQGSHUPD

QHQWGHFUHDVHRILWVOHYHO7KHDOWHUQDWLYHSROLF\SRLQWVWRWKH

QHFHVVLW\WRSURWHFWDQGSUHVHUYHWKHUHVRXUFHVZKLFKHQWDLOV

DORZHUVWDQGDUGRIOLYLQJLQFRPSDULVRQZLWKWKHSUHYLRXVO\

RXWOLQHGSDWKRIGHYHORSPHQWKRZHYHUVWLOOUHODWLYHO\KLJK

GXULQJ WKHILUVW RQH KXQGUHG\HDUV7KLVDOVRPHDQV WKDW D

UHODWLYHO\KLJKOHYHORIOLYLQJVKDOOEHPDLQWDLQHGSRVVLEO\IRU

PDQ\ FHQWXULHV WR FRPH &RPSDULQJ WKHVH DVVXPSWLRQV LW

EHFRPHVREYLRXVWKDW KXPDQLW\VKRXOGIROORZWKHURXWHRI

µSUHVHUYDWLRQ¶DVWKHRQHWKDWLVHWKLFDOO\SUHIHUUHG

-RKQ 3DVVPRUH LQWHUSUHWHG GDPDJH WKDW LV GRQH WR WKH

HFRV\VWHPE\SHRSOHDVGDPDJHLQIOLFWHGRQWKHSDUWLFXODU

SHUVRQVDQGSODFHGLWLQWKHJURXSRIEDVLFPRUDOYLRODWLRQV

3DVVPRUH DUJXHV WKDW WKHUH LV QR QHHG WR LQWURGXFH QHZ

SULQFLSOHV RI HWKLFV ± LW LV HQRXJKWR H[WHQG WKH FODVVLFDO

DVVXPSWLRQV$/HRSROGLQKLVHVVD\7KH/DQG(WKLF>SS

±@GHFODUHVWKDWWKH(DUWKLVQRWRQO\VRLOEXWDELR

HWKLFDO S\UDPLG RI IRUPV RI OLIH WKDW GHSHQG XSRQ RQH

DQRWKHUKXPDQNLQGLQFOXGHG7KH/DQG(WKLFUHTXLUHVXQL

IRUPLW\DQGG\QDPLFVWDELOLW\RIDELRHWKLFDOVRFLHW\7KLV

FRQFHSWZDVH[WHQGHGE\+5ROVWRQ>SS±@ZKR

FRQFOXGHGWKDWDPRUDOODZUHF\FOLQJPXVWEHXVHGUHVXOWV

IURPDODZRIHFRORJ\UHF\FOLQJSUHVHUYHVHFRV\VWHP7KH

SUHFHGLQJ PRUDO ODZ PDQ VKRXOG SUHVHUYH XQLIRUPLW\ RI

WKHHFRV\VWHPLVDGHULYDWLYHRIWKHDVVXPSWLRQFRQFHUQLQJ

WKHYDOXHVRIWKH VXVWDLQDEOH HFRV\VWHP(WKLFVFRQQHFWHG

ZLWKHFRORJ\LVDGRPDLQRISHUFHLYLQJYDOXHVFRQWDLQHGLQ

RXUREVHUYDWLRQRIWKHZRUOGWKHUHIRUHUHFRJQLWLRQRIIDFWV

DQGHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIYDOXHVDUHWZRFRPELQHGSURFHVVHV,Q

UHIOHFWLRQV XSRQ HWKLFV DQG HFRORJ\ LW ZDV LQGLFDWHG WKDW

YDOXDEOHLVVXHVDUHSODFHGLQWKHKLHUDUFK\KLJKHUWKDQWKRVH

ZKLFKDUHGHYRLGRIYDOXH0RUHRYHUZLWKLQWKHHFRORJLFDO

VFRSHWKHUHLVQRQHHGWRFUHDWHDQ\DGGLWLRQDOFULWHULDRI

DVVHVVPHQWEHFDXVHWKHYDOXHRIWKH HFRORJLFDOGRPDLQLV

HQFRGHG LQ WKH KXPDQ PLQG DQG JUDGDWLRQ WDNHV SODFH

LQWXLWLYHO\7KLV ZD\RI YDOXDWLQJ ZDV SUHVHQWHG E\ LQWHU

DOLD7KRPDV0F*LQQ>SS±@,QWXLWLYHHVWLPDWLRQ

µSRVLWLRQVOLIH¶DVPRUHYDOXDEOHWKDQµODFNRIOLIH¶6SHFLDO

YDOXHLVDOVRDWWDFKHGWRXQLTXHWKLQJVHVSHFLDOO\WREHDXWL

IXOVWUXFWXUHV$OVRSODFHGKLJKLQWKHKLHUDUFK\DUHWKRVH

YDOXHVZKLFKDUHUHFRJQL]HGE\ODUJHJURXSVRISHRSOH

7KH RQO\ SUREOHP WKDW DSSHDUV LV WKH LPSRVVLELOLW\ WR

SUHVHUYHVHYHUDOWKLQJVZKLFKDFFRUGLQJWRSRSXODUEHOLHI

SRVVHVVDQDORJRXVYDOXH,QHDFKHWKLFDOV\VWHPDVLPLODU

SUREOHPLVHQFRXQWHUHGLQSDUWLFXODULWUHIHUVWRHFRQRPLF

GHYHORSPHQWLQFOXGLQJEXLOGLQJLQYHVWPHQWSURFHVVHV

$WWKH VDPHWLPHZHPXVW WDNHLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQWKH

IDFWWKDWHDFKRIWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVRIWKHLQYHVWPHQWSURFHVV

GHVLJQHUVGHYHORSHUVILQDQFLDODQGSXEOLFLQVWLWXWLRQVKDV

KLVSULRULWLHVZKLFKDUHQRWQHFHVVDULO\LQFRPSOLDQFHZLWK

WKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKHVXVWDLQDEOHHQYLURQPHQW,QWKHSUDF

WLFHRIWKHVXVWDLQDEOHGHVLJQSURFHVVLWVKDOOEHUHDOO\SRV

VLEOHWRIROORZ HWKLFDODVVXPSWLRQVRQO\ DIWHUHDFKRI WKH

DIRUHPHQWLRQHG JURXSVKDVDQDORJRXV DVSLUDWLRQV7R WKLV

HQGLWLVQHFHVVDU\WRLQFUHDVHWKHOHYHORIHQYLURQPHQWDO

DZDUHQHVVLQDOODJHDQGSURIHVVLRQDOJURXSVDQGWRFUHDWH

IUDPHZRUNSULQFLSOHVRIDSRSXODUSURJUDPRIHQYLURQPHQ

WDOHGXFDWLRQ WKDWZRXOGLQFOXGH DQHWKLFDOGRPDLQ 2QO\

WKHQZLOOGHVLJQHUVEHDEOHWRDFKLHYHUHDOJRDOVE\HPSOR\

LQJWKHH[LVWLQJWHFKQLTXHVRIWKHGHVLJQDFWLYLW\VXFKDV

 (OĪELHWD'5\ĔVND

LQFOXVLRQRIORFDOFRPPXQLWLHVLQWKHGHVLJQSURFHVV

DOUHDG\ DW WKH LQLWLDO FRQFHSW SODQQLQJ VWDJH DQG DIWHU

ZDUGV WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW WKH REWDLQHG FRPPHQWV DQG

QHHGVRIXVHUV

 GHWHUPLQLQJ LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH H[SHFWDWLRQV RI

DGHYHORSHURUXVHUVWKHSDUDPHWHUVRILQWHUQDOHQYLURQPHQW

±HQHUJ\FDWHJRU\RIWKHVWUXFWXUH±DQGFRQVHTXHQWO\VHOHFW

LQJDSSURSULDWHDQGSODXVLEOHVXVWDLQDEOHVROXWLRQV

ZLWKLQWKHGHVLJQIUDPHZRUNFUHDWLQJVSHFLILFDWLRQV

ZKLFKGHWHUPLQHDQDFFHSWDEOHOHYHORIHPLVVLRQRIKDUP

IXO VXEVWDQFHV LQ RUGHU WR DFKLHYH WKLV FRRSHUDWLRQ RI

SURGXFHUVRI PDWHULDOVDQG EXLOGLQJHOHPHQWVDV ZHOODV

FRQWUDFWRUVDQGGHYHORSHUVLVQHFHVVDU\

 SURHQYLURQPHQWDO PDQDJHPHQW GXULQJ WKH SURFHVV

RI HUHFWLQJ D EXLOGLQJ QDPHO\ DFFHSWLQJ WKH SDUWLFXODU

UXOHVRIFRQGXFWE\FRQVWUXFWLQJFRPSDQLHVZLWKLQFOX

VLRQRIWKHDSSURSULDWHJXLGHOLQHVLQFRQWUDFWXDOFODXVHV

FRRSHUDWLRQZLWKDFRQVFLRXVXVHURIWKHVWUXFWXUH±LW

LVQRWHQRXJKWRGHVLJQDQGUHDOL]HDVWUXFWXUHXVDJHDQG

PRGHUQL]DWLRQPXVWDOVREHFRQGXFWHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK

SURHQYLURQPHQWDODVVXPSWLRQV

$GGLWLRQDOO\DGHVLJQHULVERXQGWRWDNHLQWRDFFRXQW

VRPHVSHFLILFDFWLYLWLHVDWWKHSDUWLFXODUGHVLJQVWDJHV

DWWKHOHYHORIWKHLQLWLDOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWDGHVLJQ

±DGHVLJQHURXJKWWRLQIRUPWKHFXVWRPHUDERXWREOLJD

WLRQVDQGULJKWVFRQQHFWHGZLWKSURHQYLURQPHQWDOJXLGH

OLQHV DQG FRQVLGHU WKHLU VFRSH DQG LQIOXHQFH RQ WKH LQL

WLDOO\SURSRVHGLQYHVWPHQWSURJUDP

DWWKHOHYHORIUHFRUGLQJWKHODQGLQYHVWPHQWSRVVLELOLWLHV

±DGHVLJQHURXJKWWRLQGLFDWHHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQVHTXHQFHVRI

FKRLFHVDQGFKHFNZKHWKHULWLVSRVVLEOHWRDSSO\WKHSURFH

GXUHVFKDUDFWHULVWLFRIDQHQYLURQPHQWDOO\IULHQGO\VWUXFWXUH

 DW WKH OHYHO RI WKH LQLWLDO GHVLJQ DVVXPSWLRQV ±

DGHVLJQHURXJKWWRSURYLGHSURHQYLURQPHQWDOVWUDWHJLHV

ZKLFKFRQVWLWXWHDQLQWHJUDOSDUWRIWKHGHVLJQSURFHVV

 DW WKH OHYHO RI WKH GHVLJQ FRQFHSWLRQ ± D GHVLJQHU

RXJKWWRILQDOO\DOORZIRUWKHSODXVLEOHSURHQYLURQPHQWDO

VROXWLRQV DQG FKHFN WKH VHOHFWHG GHVLJQ VWUDWHJ\ DORQJ

ZLWKFRVWVRIUHDOL]DWLRQ

DWWKHOHYHORIWKHDUFKLWHFWXUDOEXLOGLQJGHVLJQ±KH

RXJKW WR REWDLQ ILQDO SHUPLVVLRQV IRU HPSOR\LQJ SUR

HQYLURQPHQWDOVROXWLRQVFKHFNWKHLQIOXHQFHRIWKHSUR

SRVHG EXLOGLQJ PDWHULDOV RQ WKH HQYLURQPHQW LQFOXGLQJ

WKHOHYHORILQWHUQDOHQHUJ\DQGFKHFNWKHF\FOHRIOLIHRI

WKHGHVLJQHGVWUXFWXUH

DWWKHOHYHORIUHDOL]DWLRQRIWKHVWUXFWXUH±KHRXJKW

WRFKHFNZKHWKHUSURHQYLURQPHQWDOFRVWVDUHWDNHQLQWR

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ LQ EXLOGLQJ ZRUNV HVWLPDWLRQV DQG SUR

HQYLURQPHQWDOVWUDWHJLHVLQVSHFLILFDWLRQVSURYLGHGE\WKH

FRQWUDFWRUVDVZHOODV WKH LQYHVWPHQW UHDOL]DWLRQ DQG LWV

FRQIRUPLW\ZLWKWKHVHOHFWHGVWUDWHJ\

DWWKHOHYHORIXVLQJWKHVWUXFWXUH±KHRXJKWWRPRQLWRU

HQYLURQPHQWDOIXQFWLRQLQJRIWKHEXLOGLQJDQGSURYLGHDZULW

WHQUHFRUGERRNRIWKHVWUXFWXUHXVDJHIRURZQHUVDQGXVHUV

/HJDOFRQGLWLRQVDQGWHFKQLFDOUHTXLUHPHQWVLQWURGXFHG

E\ WKH (8 IRUPXODWH WKH IXWXUH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH

(XURSHDQ$UFKLWHFWXUH7KH\GLUHFWWKHGHVLJQLQJSURFHVV

WRZDUGV WKH VROXWLRQV ZKLFK HPSOR\ WKH VR FDOOHG µVRIW

WHFKQRORJLHV¶ PDWHULDO DQG EXLOGLQJ VROXWLRQV ZKLFK DUH

PRUH IULHQGO\ IRU XVHUV FKDQJLQJ DUWLILFLDO FRPSRQHQWV

XVHGLQWKHEXLOGLQJLQGXVWU\WRRUJDQLFPDWHULDOVDVZHOODV

PDNLQJ WKH PRVW RI GD\OLJKW DQGQDWXUDOYHQWLODWLRQV\V

WHPV'HVLJQHUVDJDLQVKDOOVWDUWGHVLJQLQJIURPFKHFNLQJ

KRZWRWDNHDGYDQWDJHRIWKHQDWXUDOODQGIRUPVRWKDWWKH

ORFDO FRQGLWLRQV FRXOG EH RSWLPDOO\ XVHG IRU DSSURSULDWH

IRUPDWLRQRIWKHVKDSHDQGIXQFWLRQRIDEXLOGLQJ

7KH GHVLJQ SURFHVV VKDOO GLIIHU PRUH DQG PRUH IURP

WKHVWDQGDUGVROXWLRQVIRUWKHJRRGRIWKHSDUDPHWHUVWKDW

DUHLQGLYLGXDOO\FRQGLWLRQHGE\WKHSDUWLFXODUORFDWLRQ

(W\NDZSUDNW\FHSURHNRORJLF]QHJRSURFHVXSURMHNWRZHJR

>@ /(('IRU1HZ&RQVWUXFWLRQDQG0DMRU5HQRYDWLRQV*UHHQ

%XLOGLQJ&RXQFLOZZZXVJEFRUJ

>@ (GZDUGV % 6XVWDLQDEOH $UFKLWHFWXUH (XURSHDQ 'LUHFWLYHV 

%XLOGLQJ'HVLJQ

>@ /HRSROG $ 7KH /DQG (WKLF $ 6DQG &RXQW\ $OPDQDF 2[IRUG

8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV/RQGRQ±2[IRUG±1HZ<RUNSS±

>@ 0F*LQQ 7 (FRORJ\ DQG (WKLFV ³,QWHUQDWLRQDO 3KLORVRSKLFDO

4XDUWHUO\´1RSS±

>@ 5ROVWRQ+,V7KHUHDQ(FRORJLFDO(WKLF"³(WKLFV´1R

SS±

>@ 5\ĔVND(ĝURGRZLVNRZHXZDUXQNRZDQLDSURFHVXLQZHVW\F\MQHJR

2ILF\QD:\GDZQLF]D3ROLWHFKQLNL:DUV]DZVNLHM:DUV]DZD

>@ :HUQHU : 1RZDNRZVND - 5\ĔVND ( 8VSUDZQLHQLH SURFHVX

LQZHVW\F\MQHJR.V]WDáFHQLH3URMHFW0DQDJHUD3UDFDVWDWXWRZDQU

 $ Z\NRQDQD QD :\G]LDOH $UFKLWHNWXU\

3ROLWHFKQLNL:DUV]DZVNLHMPDV]\QRSLV

5HIHUHQFHV

:LĊNV]RĞüRELHNWyZZVSyáF]HĞQLHSURMHNWRZDQ\FKLZ]QRV]R

Q\FK]JRGQLH]NRQZHQFMRQDOQ\PL]DVDGDPLSURMHNWRZDQLDLUHDOL

]DFMLPDQLHZLHOHZVSyOQHJR]XWU]\PDQLHPVWDQGDUGXĞURGRZLVND

QDWXUDOQHJR±DEH]SRĞUHGQLR±]UyZQRZDĪRQHJRUR]ZRMX2JyOQLH

U]HF] ELRUąF EXG\QNL VWDQRZLą SU]\NáDG Z\VRNRQDNáDGRZ\FK

LQZHVW\FMLDLFKZáDĞFLFLHOHPXV]ąPLHüGRVWĊSGR]QDF]Q\FK]DVR

EyZNDSLWDáRZ\FK.RQZHQFMRQDOQHRELHNW\Z\NRU]\VWXMąZ\VRNLH

QDNáDG\HQHUJLLSURGXNXMąSRWĊĪQHLORĞFLRGSDGyZ±ZWUDNFLHUHDOL

]DFMLRUD]ZID]LHXĪ\WNRZDQLDDF]DVHPPDMąQHJDW\ZQ\ZSá\ZQD

XĪ\WNRZQLNyZ:]ZLą]NX]SRZ\ĪV]\PZV]HONLHÄLQQH´SRGHM

ĞFLH GRFDáHJRF\NOXĪ\FLD EXG\QNyZ SRZLQQR E\üSU]HGPLRWHP

GRNáDGQ\FKEDGDĔRUD]UR]ZDĪDĔHW\F]Q\FK±]MHGQHMVWURQ\]ZLą

]DQ\FK]UR]ZRMHPQDV]HMNXOWXU\LF\ZLOL]DFML]GUXJLHM±NRQLHF]

QRĞFLą ]DFKRZDQLD QDWXUDOQHJR ĞURGRZLVND GOD OXG]NRĞFL 3UR

HNRORJLF]Q\ SURFHV SURMHNWRZ\ QLH MHVW E\QDMPQLHM SRMHG\QF]\P

]GDU]HQLHP -HVW UDF]HM VWDá\P SURFHVHPSRGOHJDMąF\P FLąJáHPX

XVSUDZQLDQLXLSRV]HU]DQLXZLHG]\RVyE]EXGRZQLFWZHP]ZLą]D

Q\FK±LZáDĞQLHWHPX]DJDGQLHQLXMHVWSRĞZLĊFRQ\QLQLHMV]\UHIHUDW

.H\ZRUGVGHVLJQDWWLWXGHVDQGYDOXHVVXVWDLQDELOLW\DQGHQYLURQPHQ

WDOHWKLFV

6áRZDNOXF]RZHSRVWDZ\LZDUWRĞFLSURMHNWRZHSURMHNWRZDQLH]UyZ

QRZDĪRQHLHW\NDĞURGRZLVNRZD

7UDQVODWHGE\%6HWNRZLF]

Etyka w praktyce proekologicznego procesu projektowego

Elżbieta D. Ryńska

Streszczenie