Problem określenia standardów w projektowaniu architektury zrównoważonej

 OLPLWDWLRQ RI FOLPDWH FKDQJHV DQG SURPRWLRQ RI SXUH

 HQVXULQJWKDWWUDQVSRUWV\VWHPVPHHWWKHUHTXLUHPHQWV

 SURPRWLRQ RI VXVWDLQDEOH PRGHOV RI SURGXFWLRQ DQG

 EHWWHUPDQDJHPHQWDQGFRXQWHUDFWLRQDJDLQVWH[FHVVLYH

H[SORLWDWLRQRIQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHV

 SURPRWLRQRIKLJKTXDOLW\SXEOLFKHDOWK

 FUHDWLQJDVRFLHW\ZKLFKLVEDVHGRQVRFLDOLQWHJUDWLRQ

DQGJXDUDQWHHLQJDKLJKTXDOLW\RIFLWL]HQV¶OLIH

 DFWLYHSURPRWLRQRIVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWDQGHQVXU

WKHVRFDOOHGµ*UHHQ%RRNRI(QHUJHWLF(IIHFWLYHQHVV¶>@

 H[HFXWLRQ RI SRWHQWLDO VDYLQJV LQ EXLOGLQJV ZLWKLQ WKH

 GRXEOLQJRISDUWLFLSDWLRQRIUHQHZDEOHVRXUFHVRIHQHU

 LQFUHDVHRIHFRORJLFDOHOHFWULFHQHUJ\IURPWR

5HSRUWµ2XU&RPPRQ)XWXUH¶ZRUNHGRXWE\7KH:RUOG

LQJSHRSOH¶VQHHGVDWWKHH[SHQVHRIQDWXUHWKHQHHGVRI

WKH ULFK DW WKH H[SHQVH RI WKH SRRU DQG WKH QHHGV RI

WRGD\¶V JHQHUDWLRQ DW WKH H[SHQVH RI WKH IXWXUH JHQHUD

GHYHORSPHQWVKRXOGEHH[HFXWHGE\DOOFRXQWULHVEHFDXVH

$JHQGDLQWKHGRFXPHQWFDOOHGµ6XVWDLQDEOHEXLOGLQJV¶>@

2011

No. 1(29)

6WDQGDUGV RI GHVLJQLQJ DQG H[HFXWLRQ RI DUFKLWHFWXUH

 µ3DVVLYHKRXVH¶

 µ*UHHQ EXLOGLQJ¶ SURJUDPPH RI WKH (XURSHDQ

 µ%5(($0¶ %ULWLVK SURJUDPPH HVWLPDWLQJ EXLOGLQJV

 µ/(('¶$PHULFDQ SURJUDPPHZKLFKFXUUHQWO\FDUULHV

:ROIJDQJ )HLVW DQG 3URIHVVRU %R $GDPVRP >@

 KHDWVRXUFHVVXFKDVHJSHRSOHKRXVHKROGGHYLFHV

 KHDWUHFRYHUHGIURPDLU

 SDVVLYHSURILWVIURPQDWXUDOVRXUFHVVXFKDVVRODUHQHU

XQLWXQGHU'RFWRU:ROIJDQJ)HLVW¶VJXLGDQFH7KHFUHD

PRUHWKDQN:KRIHQHUJ\SHUP

 DWRWDOFRHIILFLHQWRIWKHUPDOSHUPHDELOLW\IRUWKHSDV

VLYHEXLOGLQJFDQQRWEHKLJKHUWKDQ:P

 D FRHIILFLHQW RI µ8¶ KHDW SHUPHDELOLW\ IRU ZDOOV WKH

:P

 DFRHIILFLHQWRIµ8¶KHDWSHUPHDELOLW\IRUZLQGRZVQRW

KLJKHUWKDQ:P

 DFRHIILFLHQWRIVRODUHQHUJ\µJ¶SHUPHDELOLW\IRUZLQ

 H[FKDQJHRIDLUQRWPRUHWKDQRIWKHKRXVHFXEDWXUH

VWDQGDUGVDUHPDGH6WDQGDUGVVHWWKHTXDOLW\RIVROXWLRQV

 HQHUJ\VDYLQJ DQG WKH XVDJH RI UHQHZDEOH VRXUFHV RI

 KHDOWKFRPIRUWRIXVHUV

 LQWHJUDWLRQ RI D JLYHQ VWUXFWXUH ZLWK WKH HQYLURQPHQW

DQGSURHFRORJLFDOH[SORLWDWLRQRIWKHWHUUDLQ

 UDWLRQDOXVDJHRIZDWHUPDWHULDOVDQGRWKHUUDZPDWHULDOV

3URJUDPPHVZKLFKFHUWLI\GHVLJQLQJDQGH[HFXWLRQRI

)LJ3DVVLYHKRXVHLQ'DUPVWDGWDUFK%RWW5LGGHU:HVWHUPH\HU

,O'RP3DV\ZQ\Z'DUPVWDGWDUFK%RWW5LGGHU:HVWHUPH\HU

IDoDGH6PROHFQHDU:URFáDZDUFK%3/LSLĔVF\

,O3LHUZV]\GRPSDV\ZQ\Z3ROVFH]&HUW\ILNDWHPHOHZDFMD

SRáXGQLRZD6PROHFN:URFáDZLDDUFK%3/LSLĔVF\

FXEDWXUHWKHPD[LPXPYHQWLODWLRQHIILFLHQF\LVP

K

([HFXWLRQRIWKHGHILQHGVWDQGDUGVFDXVHDGHFUHDVHLQ

IRUPHGLQ6PROHFQHDU:URFODZLQ)LJV$UFKL

DQGUHDOL]DWLRQVPRUHDQGPRUHRIWHQ,QFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK

KRXVHZDVEXLOWZKLFKZDVWREHPDVVSURGXFHG)LJ

GHYHORSPHQW¶>@7KH&RPPLVVLRQXQGHUWRRNWKHLQLWLDWLYH

FRPSDQ\ ILUP RUJDQL]DWLRQ RU D QDWXUDO SHUVRQ ZKR LV

SDUWLFLSDWHLQWKH3URJUDPPH7KHµ*UHHQ%XLOGLQJ¶±LV

 IOH[LEOHDQGRSHQ±LQRUGHUWREHDSSOLHGLQGLIIHUHQWNLQGV

PRGHUQL]DWLRQRIWKHDOUHDG\H[LVWLQJEXLOGLQJV

 SUHFLVHHQRXJKWRJXDUDQWHHWKDWFRPSDQLHVZKLFKMRLQ

 SRVVLEOHWREH DGDSWHG WRGLIIHUHQWQDWLRQDODVZHOO DV

 FRPSHWHQW DQG HIIHFWLYH LQ SRSXODUL]LQJ WKH 'LUHFWLYH

7KHSURFHGXUHVRIWKHµ*UHHQ%XLOGLQJ¶SURJUDPPHVSHFLI\

 HQHUJHWLFLQGXVWU\PDQDJHPHQW

 WKUHHJHQHUDWLRQ PHFKDQLFV KHDWLQJ UHIULJHUDWLRQ

 H[SORLWDWLRQRIVRODUHQHUJ\

 HOHFWULFGHYLFHV

 GLVWULEXWLRQDOWUDQVIRUPHUVDQG836

 IXUQLVKLQJVHTXLSPHQWDQGGHYLFHV

 KHDWLQJV\VWHPV

 YHQWLODWLRQ

 DLUFRQGLWLRQLQJDQGSDVVLYHFRROLQJ

 NLQGRIH[WHUQDOPDWHULDORIWKHEXLOGLQJ

 OLJKWLQJFRPIRUW

FHQWUHRI:DUVDZREWDLQHGWKHFHUWLILFDWHµ*UHHQ%XLOGLQJ¶

7KH µ%5(($0¶ >@

)LJ(FRQRPLFDOHQHUJ\KRXVHLQ'DWWHLQDUFK'/LEHVNLQG

VRXUFH5KHLQ]LQN

,O'RPHQHUJRRV]F]ĊGQ\Z'DWWHLQDUFK'/LEHVNLQGĨUyGáR

5KHLQ]LQNRSUDF/.DPLRQND

IDoDGH6PROHFQHDU:URFáDZDUFK%3/LSLĔVF\

,O3LHUZV]\GRPSDV\ZQ\Z3ROVFH]FHUW\ILNDWHPHOHZDFMD

SyáQRFQD6PROHFN:URFáDZLDDUFK%3/LSLĔVF\

,O81,4$7RZHUVZ:LHGQLXFHUW\ILNDW*UHHQ%XLOGLQJ

GHVLJQLQJ

UHDOLVDWLRQDQGWKH\PDNHLWSRVVLEOHWRDVVHVVYDULRXV

JOREDO

ORFDO

LQWHUQDO

µ%5(($0¶LVDOVRWHVWHGLQWKHVWUXFWXUHVRIDUFKLWHFWXUH

HJ+HUPLWDJH3OD]DLQ&RXUEHYRLH)LJ

HQHUJ\

KHDOWKFRPIRUW

ZDWHU

XVDJHRIWKHWHUUDLQ

GHVLJQPDQDJHPHQW

PDWHULDOV

FRQWDPLQDWLRQZDVWHV

WUDQVSRUW

VWDJHDQGLQWKHH[HFXWLRQVWDJHJLYHDGHILQLWHUHVXOWDQG

DVDFRQVHTXHQFHDFDWHJRU\RIWKHJUDQWHGFHUWLILFDWH

VDWLVIDFWRU\±DWOHDVWRIWKHPD[LPXPQXPEHURI

JRRG ± DW OHDVW  RI WKH PD[LPXP QXPEHU RI

YHU\JRRG±DWOHDVWRIWKHPD[LPXPQXPEHURI

H[FHOOHQW±DWOHDVWRIWKHPD[LPXPQXPEHURISRLQWV

)LJ$WULXP&LW\:DUVDZYLHZIURP-RKQ3DXO,,%RXOHYDUG

ILUVWFHUWLILFDWHLQ3RODQG³*UHHQEXLOGLQJ´±³/(('´±

DUFK.D]LPLHUVNL5\ED

,O$WULXP&LW\:DUV]DZDZLGRNRGVWURQ\DO-DQD3DZáD,,

SLHUZV]\FHUW\ILNDWZ3ROVFHÄ*UHHQEXLOGLQJ´±Ä/(('´±

DUFK.D]LPLHUVNL5\ED

,O$WULXP&LW\ZLGRNRGVWURQ\]DFKRGQLHM

,O$WULXP&LW\ZQĊWU]H

7KHSURJUDPPH µ/(('¶ >@ DVD SURJUDPPH ZKLFK

SUHVHQWLQPRUHWKDQFRXQWULHVDTXDOLILFDWLRQSURFH

(QHUJ\DQG$WPRVSKHUH±PD[QXPEHURISRLQWV±

3URHFRORJ\ DQG LQWHULRU FRPIRUW ± PD[ QXPEHU RI

SRLQWV±

(IIHFWLYHQHVVRIZDWHUPDQDJHPHQW±PD[QXPEHURI

SRLQWV±

,QWHJUDWLRQRIDEXLOGLQJZLWKWKHVXUURXQGLQJ±PD[

QXPEHURISRLQWV±

5DZPDWHULDOVDQG0DWHULDOV±PD[QXPEHURISRLQWV±

5HJLRQDOSULRULWLHV±PD[QXPEHURISRLQWV±

,QQRYDWLYHQHVV DQG WKH TXDOLW\ RI GHVLJQLQJ VROXWLRQV

±PD[QXPEHURISRLQWV±

)LJ-LQGULFK3OD]DRI2VWUDZLH&0&DUFKLWHFWV'DYLG5LFKDUG

,O-LQGULFK3OD]DZ2VWUDZLH&0&DUFKLWHFWV'DYLG5LFKDUG

,O:DUWRĞüSURFHQWRZDXG]LDáXSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKNDWHJRULLZZDG]H

RFHQ\FHUW\ILNXMąFHMRSUDF/.DPLRQND

)LJ$GREH7RZHUVRI6DQ-RVH86$/(('±

)LJ+HUPLWDJH3OD]DRI&RXUEHYRLH%5(($0±SHULRGRISURMHFW

GHVLJQ&RQVWUXFWLRQ±DUFK1RUPDQD)RVWHUD

,O+HUPLWDJH3OD]DZ&RXUEHYRLHFHUW\ILNDW%5(($0QDHWDSLH

SURMHNWRZ\P5HDOL]DFMD±DUFK1RUPDQD)RVWHUD

,,,:DWHUPDQDJHPHQWHIILFLHQF\

9,, ,QQRYDWLYHQHVV DQG WKH TXDOLW\ RI



,QWKH ERRNHQWLWOHG µ$UFKLWHFWXUH 4XDOLW\ RI /LIH¶

>@E\$UFKLWHFWV¶&RXQFLORI(XURSHDQXUJHQWQHHGZDV

FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV DQG RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG D EDODQFH ± DOO

WKLQJVDQDO\VHG DVUHJDUGV WKHTXDOLW\ RI OLIH$OHDGLQJ

+RXVH¶SURJUDPPHLVWKHPRVWQDUURZHGGRZQDQGLWGRHV

EXLOGLQJ¶JRHVEH\RQGWKHSUREOHPVRIHQHUJ\VDYLQJEXW

LPDJH 7KH SURJUDPPHV µ%5(($0¶ DQG µ/(('¶ GHDO

ZLWK D PXFK PRUH H[WHQVLYH UDQJH RI WKH VXVWDLQDEOH

IDFWRURIDQHFRQRPLVLQJFLW\ >@,Q)LJXUHZH SUH

VSDWLDOFRPSOH[ZKLFKFRPSULVHVDJLYHQIUDJPHQWRIWKH

µHQHUJ\DQGDWPRVSKHUH¶ZKLFKFRQVWLWXWHVFLUFD

µLQWHJUDWLRQRIDEXLOGLQJZLWKWKHHQYLURQPHQW¶ZKLFK

FRQVWLWXWHVFLUFDRIWKHWRWDOSRLQWYDOXH

µ/(('¶&HUWLILFDWHEDVLFOHYHO±SRLQWV

µ/(('¶&HUWLILFDWHVLOYHUOHYHO±SRLQWV

µ/(('¶&HUWLILFDWHJROGHQOHYHO±SRLQWV

µ/(('¶&HUWLILFDWHSODWLQXPOHYHORYHUSRLQWV

7KHFRPSOH[RIHGLILFHVRIWKH$GREH7RZHUVLQ6DQ

FHUWLILFDWH )LJ  7KH FRPSOH[ RI -LQGULFK 3OD]D

EXLOGLQJV LQ 2VWUDYD DOVR UHFHLYHG WKH µ/(('¶

EORFN$WULXP&LW\LQ:DUVDZPHWWKHVWDQGDUGVRIWKH

SURJUDPPH DQG UHFHLYHG D VLOYHU FHUWLILFDWH µ/(('¶

)LJ3UREOHPDUHDVRIVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLQFRGLILHG

,O2EV]DU\SUREOHPRZH]UyZQRZDĪRQHJRUR]ZRMX

ZVNRG\ILNRZDQ\FKSURJUDPDFKFHUW\ILNXMąF\FKRSUDF/.DPLRQND

)LJ7KH&\FOHRIWKHH[LVWHQFHRIDUFKLWHFWXUHREMHFW

,O&\NOIXQNFMRQRZDQLDRELHNWXDUFKLWHNWXU\ZĞURGRZLVNX

:KLOH GHVLJQLQJ EXLOGLQJV WKH SULQFLSOHV RI DUFKLWHF

7KH WULDG RI VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW (FRORJ\ ±

6RFLHW\±(FRQRP\LVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKH9LWUXYLDQWULDG

'XUDELOLW\±%HDXW\±8VDELOLW\>@

7KH DUFKLWHFW¶V UROH LV WR JLYH VXFK YDOXHV WR WKH

$UFKLWHFWV¶ &RXQFLO RI (XURSH

+D\H]%UXVVHOV

>@ %LXOHW\Q3ROVNLHJR7RZDU]\VWZD&HUW\ILNDFML(QHUJLL1R

SS±

&20ZHUVMDNRĔFRZD

>@ 'RNXPHQW\ NRĔFRZH .RQIHUHQFML 1DURGyZ =MHGQRF]RQ\FK QW

ĝURGRZLVNRLUR]ZyM5LRGH-DQHLUR±6]F]\W=LHPL

,QVW\WXW2FKURQ\ĝURGRZLVND:DUV]DZD

>@ ']LHQQLN8U]ĊGRZ\8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM&

>@ )LHVW:

3,%3*GDĔVN

6WDQGDUG\DUFKLWHNWXU\]UyZQRZDĪRQHM MDNRLVWRWQ\

F]\QQLNPLDVWDRV]F]ĊGQHJRQDSU]\NáDG]LHZ\EUDQ\FKSURJUDPyZ

FHUW\ILNXMąF\FK 2JyOQRSROVND .RQIHUHQFMD 1DXNRZD

,QVW\WXWX 3URMHNWRZDQLD 8UEDQLVW\F]QHJR Ä0LDVWR RV]F]ĊGQH´

.UDNyZ±

 >@1LH]DELWRZVND ( 0DVá\ ' &ROOHFWLYH 6WXG\ 2FHQ\ MDNRĞFL

ĞURGRZLVND ]DEXGRZDQHJR L LFK ]QDF]HQLH GOD UR]ZRMX NRQFHSFML

EXG\QNX]UyZQRZDĪRQHJR

 >@3DVVLY+DXV,QVWLWXW)DFKLQIRUPDWLRQ3+,'DUPVWDGW

>@:RUOG&RPPLVVLRQRQ(QYLURQPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW2XUFRP

PRQIXWXUHWKHUHSRUWRIWKH:RUOG&RPPLVVLRQRQ(QYLURQPHQW



VXVWDLQDEOHDUFKLWHFWXUH±ZDVDQDO\VHGRQWKHH[DPSOHVRI

FRPIRUWRIWKHXVHUPLFURFOLPDWH

HIILFLHQF\RIZDWHUHFRQRP\

LQWHJUDWLRQRIDEXLOGLQJZLWKWKHVXUURXQGLQJVSUR

PDQDJHPHQWRIPDWHULDOVDQGUDZPDWHULDOV

SURHFRORJLFDOLQQRYDWLYHQHVVRIDGHVLJQDQGUHJLRQ

6XVWDLQDEOHDUFKLWHFWXUHZKLFKLVGHVLJQHGDQGH[HFXW

IRUWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWLWFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHOLPL

IRU KHDOWK DQG VDIHW\ LW FRQWULEXWHV WR WKH LPSURYH

VRFLDORQHVLWFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHLPSURYHPHQWRIWKH

TXDOLW\RIOLIHDQGUHOLHYLQJORFDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUH

HFRQRPLF RQHV LW FRQWULEXWHV WR WKH LQFUHDVH RI WKH

VWDJHVRIGHVLJQLPSOHPHQWDWLRQH[SORLWDWLRQRIDEXLOG

 DGDSWDWLRQWRORFDOFRQGLWLRQV

 LQFUHDVH RI WKH DUHD RI FHUWLILFDWLQJ FRQQHFWLRQV RI

 /XFMDQ.DPLRQND

3UREOHPRNUHĞOHQLDVWDQGDUGyZZSURMHNWRZDQLXDUFKLWHNWXU\]UyZQRZDĪRQHM

$UFKLWHNWXUDIXQNFMRQXMąFDZ]JRG]LH]]DVDGDPL]UyZQRZDĪRQHJR

UR]ZRMXSRZLQQDRGSRZLDGDüRNUHĞORQ\PVWDQGDUGRP3UyEĊLFK]GHIL

QLRZDQLDSRGHMPXMąSURJUDP\FHUW\ILNDF\MQH:DUW\NXOHSU]HGVWDZLR

QRZ\EUDQHSURJUDP\Ä'RPSDV\ZQ\´Ä*UHHQEXLOGLQJ´Ä%UHHDP´

Ä/HHG´ NWyUH REHMPXMą SUREOHPDW\NĊ ]UyZQRZDĪRQHJR UR]ZRMX Z

UyĪQ\P]DNUHVLHLZUyĪQ\PVWRSQLX&HUW\ILNDWÄGRPSDV\ZQ\´VNXSLD

VLĊJáyZQLHQDHQHUJRRV]F]ĊGQRĞFLÄ*UHHQEXLOGLQJ´REHMPXMHSUREOH

PDW\NĊ  HQHUJLL L NRPIRUWX XĪ\WNRZHJR 3URJUDP\ Ä%UHHDP´

L Ä/HHG´ GDMą NRPSOHNVRZ\ REUD] ]UyZQRZDĪRQHM DUFKLWHNWXU\

.RG\ILNXMą WDNLH NDWHJRULH RFHQ\ MDN HQHUJRRV]F]ĊGQRĞü NRPIRUW

]GURZRWQ\XĪ\WNRZQLNDHIHNW\ZQRĞüJRVSRGDUNLZRGąSURHNRORJLF]

QRĞüXĪ\WNRZDQLD WHUHQXHIHNW\ZQRĞüXĪ\FLD PDWHULDáyZLVXURZFyZ

SURHNRORJLF]QD LQQRZDF\MQRĞü DUFKLWHNWXU\ 3URJUDP\ FHUW\ILNDF\MQH

QLHVą]DPNQLĊWHSRGOHJDMąFLąJáHPXUR]ZRMRZLLGRVNRQDOHQLX

.H\ZRUGVVWDQGDUGVRIDUFKLWHFWXUHHQYLURQPHQWIULHQGO\SURJUDPV

VXVWDLQDEOHDUFKLWHFWXUH

6áRZD NOXF]RZH VWDQGDUG\ DUFKLWHNWXU\ SURJUDP\ SURHNRORJLF]QH

DUFKLWHNWXUD]UyZQRZDĪRQD

Problem określenia standardów w projektowaniu architektury zrównoważonej

Lucjan Kamionka

Streszczenie