Grodno Castle in the iconography from the 18
th
and 19
th
centuries 75
from the northern side (Fig. 2B). It shows the tower, east-
ern and long southern wings of the upper castle. On the
southern wing, we can see a clearly preserved gable as
well as a chimney in the western corner of this wing. The
most intriguing part is the attic which is marked on the
southern wing because it does not appear in other graph-
ics and has not been preserved either. It is dicult to say
whether it was the author’s over-interpretation or wheth-
er the attic was actually in this place. The eastern wing
is also surrounded by an attic (preserved to present day)
with a delicately marked gable on the right side (presented
from the side and slightly higher than the attic itself). The
peri meter wall seems to be partially collapsed, however, it
still has two little windows which were formerly adjacent
to the battle porch. On the right side of the upper castle,
the roof of the gatehouse emerges from above the trees.
The presented etching by Endler was published in period-
ical “Vaterländische Blätter zum Nutzen und Vergnügen
für das Jahr 1798” in 1798. There was a caption at the bot-
tom of the graphic: Schlos Königsberg.
The image of Grodno Castle
in the 19
th
century
Further iconography of Grodno Castle, which was col-
lected as a result of the query, dates back to the beginnings
of the 19
th
century. Among the early 19
th
-century graphics
of Grodno, the colored etching by Carl Friedrich Stuckart
from 1812 is particularly interesting (Fig. 3A). It shows
the buildings of the upper and lower castle. It is the rst
graphic which shows the entire castle in close-up. The
etching is rich in details, although as for the proportions
of some elements, e.g., the tower, one can have considera-
ble reservations. In the upper castle (Fig. 3B), similarly to
the previous graphics, there are two preserved gables on
the eastern and southern wings. Additionally, in the east-
ern wing we can see a chimney duct. The western wing is
collapsed and more similar to the present state, whereas
through the collapsed perimeter wall we can see arches
which can be identied with the remains of the vault of
the room which was formerly situated at the level of the
upper courtyard. A novelty is the incomplete early mod-
ern roundel bastion wall with which the upper castle was
protected from the northern and western sides. Along the
roundel bastion wall, on the right, in the zwinger area, we
can see the stable building which was also presented in
the earlier and oldest graphics. The lower castle (Fig. 3C)
does not dier from the older iconography either. Among
the buildings, we can distinguish, among other things, the
chapel, the gatehouse and the bakery with the bathhouse.
The entire lower courtyard is surrounded by the wall with
roundel bastions. At the very end, the roof of a low build-
ing protrudes above the wall, which Büsching and Schu-
bert describe as an old shed (German: alter Schuppen). At
the bottom of the graphic the following caption is placed:
SCHLOSS KÖNIGSBERG bei SCHWEIDNITZ. The etch-
ing also comes from the collection of the aforementioned
Albrecht Haselbach.
Another graphic in which Grodno Castle is presen ted
against the background of the mountain landscape is the
etching by Carl Friedrich Mosch and Friedrich Rossmäß -
ler (Fig. 4A). The graphic follows the contemporary trend
of showing nature. The mountainous landscape is highly
exaggerated, fanciful, slightly soaring, and dierent from
its actual appearance. Taking a closer look at the castle
itself (Fig. 4B), we can see the previously described build-
ings, i.e., in the foreground there is an early modern wall
with roundel bastions, the bakery building with the bath-
house, the gatehouse, the chapel and the ruins of the upper
castle with a tower. At the bottom of the graphic there is
the caption: Die Burg Königsberg.
The turning point in the history of Grodno in the 19
th
century was the year 1823, when the ruins of the castle were
taken over by Wrocław archaeologist, Professor Johann
Fig. 2. Schlos Königsberg. Etching of Grodno Castle from the end of the 18
th
century.
A. General view. B. Close-up on the upper castle. We can see the tower, the eastern wing with attics in front of it, and to the right of it,
the long southern wing with the preserved gable in the center, attics and the chimney in the corner
(drawing by F.G. Endler, source: Śląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa, ref. number 461652 I)
Il. 2. Schlos Königsberg. Akwaforta zamku Grodno z końca XVIII w.
A. Widok ogólny. B. Zbliżenie na zamek górny. Widoczna jest wieża, przed nią skrzydło wschodnie z attykami,
a na prawo od niej długie południowe skrzydło z zachowanym pośrodku szczytem, attykami oraz kominem w narożniku
(rys. F.G. Endler, źródło: Śląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa, sygn. 461652 I)
A B
