86 Anna Steuer-Jurek
photographs, Kłuskiewicz (2018) notes that a circular square
was created in front of the building’s façade. The sophis-
ticatedly planned paths were replaced by straight, wide
avenues. Most of the trees have been removed and new,
smaller trees were planted, that did not obstruct the build-
ing
7
. A fountain was built in the western part. Such solu-
tions were in line with the trends and guidelines of the pe-
riod (Jäger 1877, 625, 626). The market square was also
changed. Instead of trees, a green area with four quarters
was created. A memorial to the fallen of the World War I was
placed in the centre. At the beginning, the plots were plant-
ed with grass and trees with a columnar outline (hornbeam
or beech), and pots with annual plants were placed. It is
reasonable to assume that this arrangement may have ob-
scured the Renaissance Town Hall
8
. It was later decided to
change plant composition to include globular maples and
ornamental perennials.
At the beginning of the 20
th
century, during the con-
struction of the municipal sewer system, most of the street
trees were cut down. The actions of the Societies led to
their restoration along major urban arterials. A wide pe-
des
trian promenade was also built leading from the railway
station to the former suburb of Oracze (now Dworcowa
Street). The entire area was anked by strips of lawn, plant-
ed
with lime trees and enhanced with park features
9
. There
were also plans to beautify the square between the water
tower and the gasworks (Oberglogauer Stadtsblatt 1906,
no. 136).
During the inter-war period, the City Beautication So-
ciety continued to develop public green spaces, pave streets
and maintain order. The focus was mainly on the outskirts
of the town
10
. During the period of urban densication and
industrial development, areas outside the urban boundaries
became particularly attractive to residents as they oered
distant views and contact with nature (Rozmarynowska
2017, 130). To the west of Głogówek, behind the castle
park, new strolling areas were also established. Existing
eld paths were decluttered and extended with a new cir-
culation system, and footbridges were built. The area was
equipped with benches and litter bins, and road signs were
installed to signal the hierarchy of the roads. Pasternik
7
Several postcards from the turn of the 20
th
century show four
palm-like trees along the façade of the post oce building. It is possi-
ble that these were container plants displayed in front of the building
from spring to autumn, or that exotic plants were originally planned to
be introduced there. In the end, however, it was decided to plant native
species.
8
Hugo Koch (1914, 569) wrote about the need to select suitable
tree species adapted to the surroundings.
9
From as early as the 19
th
century, many theorists and designers
have emphasised the important role of promenades and strolling paths
in the urban greenery system. In addition to the visual aspect of the city,
the creation and maintenance of such spaces built condence in public
authorities among society. On footpaths, it was recommended that pro-
viding shade was to be a priority and that resting places (benches, seats)
be organised. This meant that promenades were both functional and at-
tractive (Schmidlin 1863, 467–469).
10
The creation of new urban gardens and walking promenades
in the former suburbs and on the outskirts of the city was in line with
Koch’s indications (1914, 43). This architect recommended directing
pedestrian trac away from the city because of the promenades’ high
natural and recreational potential.
Street underwent modernisation and the park slopes were
planted with vegetation (Oberglogauer Stadt blatt 1929,
no.
86).
During this period, many new green spaces appeared in
the town. For example, a circular square was built in front
of the “Die Falle” restaurant with a solitary tree planted in
the centre. Other photographs from the years 1930–1940
show a green area in front of Grünn’s Villa (now the ad-
ministrative headquarters of ZPC Piast), in the middle of
which a square with a fountain was built. The whole was
framed by perimeter plantings of perennials and annuals.
There were also benches in the area.
After the World War II, some areas were destroyed and
many public green spaces deteriorated due to lack of care.
By resolution of the city council, the castle park was trans-
formed into a town park (Hauptstock 2009, 172). In 1945,
a cemetery for German soldiers killed in the World War II
was located in the northern part of the town, in the im-
mediate vicinity of the Evangelical cemetery. Its composi-
tional layout was very simple. The main axis was marked
by a rectilinear avenue of granite blocks. A lawn was cre-
ated to the north with individual trees and a eld altar. In
the southern section, an arrangement of simple, geometric
plots in a linear arrangement was created. A concrete cross
has been placed at the end of the main path.
Current state
At present, numerous public green areas can be found in
Głogówek (Figs. 6–8). These include gardens and greens
with historic character, as well as newly created sites.
Street greenery, parks, garden and town squares can still
be found in the city, as well as green areas in cemeteries.
It is also possible to distinguish publicly accessible sports
complexes that had not been there previously. In the spatial
analysis of green spaces, the scattered distribution pattern
of the sites is notable. It is not possible to read a clear sys-
tem of gardens that would be interconnected in the urban
layout. They also do not form a coherent whole in compo-
sitional terms.
Of the historic areas in the town plan, the town park
still distinguishes itself the most. It is fully accessible to
residents. In the last twenty years it has undergone partial
revalorisation consisting mainly of improvements to the
trac and circulation infrastructure. New structures and
zones have also been created in its area, such as squares,
playgrounds, Jordan gardens and nature trails.
The urban forest dubbed “Olszynka” became a second
major element in the layout. Once located outside the com-
pact development structure, it is now a popular place for
residents to walk. Essentially, there is no clear composi-
tional layout here and the whole is centred on naturally
formed scrub woodland. Vehicular trac is handled by an
asphalt road that leads to the community development, and
pedestrian paths do not have a clear compositional layout.
There is also a lack of garden features.
In terms of street greenery, only a few of the historic
avenues have survived in the town’s urban interiors. Es-
sentially, relics of former plantings formed by old-growth,
small-leaved lime trees can be found along several roads,
