Compliance calculator

Waldemar Marzęcki

doi:10.37190/arc230210

Abstract

The article describes the “compliance calculator”. This is a new research module of the Spatial Continuity Diagram method. It is used to support the processes of transformation and expansion of existing urban structures in the spirit of respecting their spatial continuity. The article presents a method of calculating the degrees of homogeneity of architectural and urban features for complexes that are extensions of the existing urban fabric. The purpose is to show by means of a compliance calculator the mechanism for determining the appropriate degrees of homogeneity of the features of a new development depending on what percentage they represent in relation to the existing development. A theoretical model has been developed to simulate the development process of an urban complex consisting of buildings of five different heights and low feature homogeneity. The model illustrates the methodology for calculating, using a compliance calculator, the relevant results for the degrees of feature homogeneity of a new development. It was shown that the compliance calculator, which is a new research module, refines the general findings of the Spatial Continuity Diagram used in the process of harmonious expansion of urban structures. The research shows that the larger the percentage of the expansion area, the closer its degree of homogeneity should be to the degree of homogeneity of the urban structure being expanded. However, it should not be lower than that. Otherwise, it may lead to spatial degradation of the existing development.

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2023

2(74)

Waldemar Marzęcki*

Compliance calculator

Introduction

One of the more important reasons for undertaking re-

search on the scientic method supporting the contempo-

rary transformation or expansion of existing urban struc-

tures is the often negative author’s assessment of these

processes. This phenomenon is not exclusively related

to our cultural zone. Examples of faulty transformations

of urban structures can be observed in many other lati-

tudes and longitudes. Three such transformations of urban

structures are presented below. The rst of them is Toron-

to. Standing in Nathan Phillips Square (Fig. 1), one ob-

serves a cluster of skyscrapers forming a very contrasting

backdrop to the neo-Romanesque building of the old City

Hall, erected in 1899.

In London, the scenic intrusion of skyscraper The

Shard (Fig. 2) into the silhouette of the Palace of London

can be observed from the main walkway. The latter – built

in 1078 – is one of the most important historical buildings

of great signicance to European and world cultural her-

itage.

It is equally inappropriate to locate high-rise buildings

amongst the historic homogeneous, usually four-storey

buildings in the centre of Szczecin dating from the turn of

the 19

and 20

centuries (Fig. 3).

In everyday design practice, these activities are often

not supported by appropriate analytical studies. In many

cases, urban structures are transformed, leading to the loss

of the original cultural values of existing buildings, and

in extreme cases to the deformation of urban space. The

main purpose of the article is to describe a new research

instrument called the “compliance calculator” which is

DOI: 10.37190/arc230210

Published in open access. CC BY NC ND license

* ORCID: 0000-0002-1192-9064. Institute of Architecture and Ur-

ban Planning, University of Zielona Góra, Poland, e-mail: marzecki@

post.pl

Fig. 1. View of the old Toronto City Hall

with a cluster of skyscrapers in the background

and concrete elements in the foreground

(2020, photo by W. Marzęcki)

Il. 1. Widok na stary ratusz w Toronto

ze zgrupowaniem wieżowców w tle

oraz betonowymi elementami na pierwszym planie

(2020, fot. W. Marzęcki)

Fig. 2. View of the Tower of London

with The Shard in the background

(2020, photo by W. Marzęcki)

Il. 2. Widok na Tower of London

z wieżowcem The Shard na drugim planie

(2020, fot. W. Marzęcki)

98 Waldemar Marzęcki

another research module included in the analytical method

called the Spatial Continuity Diagram (DCP). However, in

order to understand the principle of the compliance calcu-

lator, the article rst briey introduces the DCP method.

The rest of the article describes how to analyse urbanized

structures using the “homogeneity range line”, which is

part of the compliance calculator.

Research status

In the available scientic literature on analyzing urban

spaces using digital tools, the research conducted by Klara

Czyńska and Paweł Rubinowicz is noteworthy. Both of

them not only theoretically, but also practically implement

copyrighted computer programs and analytical methods to

study urban development. They have developed numerous

studies assessing the impact of tall and high-rise buildings

on the urban structures of many Polish cities. An example

is the publication by Klara Czyńska Tall buildings in his-

torical urban context – analysis of selected examples [1].

However, not all of the research conducted by individ-

ual scientists is aimed at supporting the processes of trans-

forming or expanding existing urban spaces, which are in

the area of scientic interest of the author of this article.

Nonetheless, this type of scientic inquiry, even indirect-

ly addressing these issues, can be found in the scientic

literature. In Parametric Urban Design: Joining morpho-

logy and urban indicators in a single interactive model

by José Beirão, Pedro Arrobas, José Duarte [2], existing

buildings are analysed in terms of their morphological

characteristics using research instrumentation for com-

paring design alternatives with each other. IT techniques,

used by the authors, support stakeholders in the process

of transforming urban spaces in making the right invest-

ment decisions. A team of researchers, i.e. Cheng Chen,

Chaoyi You, Xianmin Mai, in their article Research on

Spatial Morphology of Traditional Settlements Based on

Spatial Syntax – A Case Study of Xiuxi Village, Li County,

Sichuan Province [3], using Space Syntax software, anal-

yse the spatial morphology of the traditional settlement of

Qiang in the process of renewal and restoration of its spa-

tial identity. In a sense, these activities coincide in terms

of intent with the assumptions of the Spatial Continuity

Diagram, but using dierent analytical procedures and

software tools. The article A congurational approach

to analytical urban design: “Space syntax” methodology

by Kayvan Karimi [4] considers the problem of support-

ing urban design, as an analytical activity, with computer

methods of analysis and spatial modelling techniques. On

the other hand, Ilha Pereira in the article Master planning

Fig. 3. Series of photos illustrating the location of tall buildings in the historic center of Szczecin built at the turn of the 19

and 20

centuries:

a) historical building on the Żołnierza Square with a tall building in the background,

b) a tall building located in the historic buildings of Wojska Polskiego Avenue,

c) a tall building built in the historic district of Szczecin at the intersection of Jagiellońska and Bohaterów Warszawy Avenue,

d) one of the tallest buildings in Szczecin, built in the historic area of the city (2008, photo by W. Marzęcki)

Il. 3. Seria zdjęć ilustrujących ulokowanie obiektów wysokich w historycznym centrum Szczecina wzniesionym na przełomie XIX i XX w.:

a) historyczny obiekt na placu Żołnierza z wysokim budynkiem w tle,

b) wysoki budynek ulokowany w historycznej zabudowie alei Wojska Polskiego,

c) wysoki budynek zbudowany w historycznej dzielnicy Szczecina przy skrzyżowaniu ul. Jagiellońskiej z al. Bohaterów Warszawy,

d) jeden z wyższych obiektów w Szczecinie zbudowany w historycznym obszarze miasta (2008, fot. W. Marzęcki)

Compliance calculator 99

with urban algorithms. Urban parameters, optimization

and scenarios [5] uses Grasshopper software to mathe-

matically interpret the features of existing urban spaces,

such as roads or basic services. These activities are used to

create scenarios that optimize existing urban complexes.

The method of analysing urban space presented by Robert

Szmytkie in his article Application of graph theory to the

morphological analysis of settlements [6] involves study-

ing the morphology of an urban complex and then creat-

ing a corresponding settlement pattern based on quantita-

tive measures that dene the spatial settlement module.

The aforementioned method was used by Robert

Szmytkie to determine the complexity of the street net-

work. This kind of analysis goes in a similar direction to

the analyses of the degree of homogeneity of the various

features determined by the DCP method. Also, the depic-

tion of the collected data in the form of diagrams shows

some technical similarities with the method presented in

this article. In the work of Engin Zeka A methodology for

measuring the form of organic settlements [7], another

method for studying the morphology of urban structures

is described. In this case, it was decided to analyze and

categorize three of its most important elements. These in-

cluded streets, lots and buildings. With regard to the afore-

mentioned elements, detailed measurements were taken

regarding particular distances, areas, proportions. In the

conducted research, graphics were also used to syntheti-

cally illustrate the conducted research.

The article A methodology for measuring the form of or-

ganic settlements also postulates the use of computer soft-

ware in the future, with the help of which it will be possible

to automate the process of taking the relevant measure-

ments and compare the results obtained during the survey

of dierent urban complexes. From reading this mate-

rial, it is possible to infer some intentional convergence

with the research goals of the DCP. However, the method

is based on dierent analytical mechanisms. In addition,

DCP research already uses software specically designed

to conduct relevant analyses. A review of the state of re-

search indicates a clear trend towards an increase in the

importance of methods for objectifying design activities

in the eld of urban planning with extensive use of com-

puter-assisted techniques. However, they mostly focus on

optimization analyses of urbanized structures.

Research methods

“Compliance calculator” is a new research module

attached to the Spatial Continuity Diagram method. The

method has been described in detail in a monograph [8],

a computer program manual [9] and numerous scientic

articles. The most recent article entitled Spatial Continuity

Diagram was published in 2020 as part of the 25

Interna-

tional Conference of the Association for Computer-Aid-

ed Architectural Design Research in Asia1 (CAADRIA

2020) [10]. The DCP method is used to identify basic

architectural and spatial features of existing urban devel-

opment. The purpose of the research is to formulate guide-

lines to support the process of harmonious transformation

or expansion of existing urban development – particularly

its architectural and urban design features in the spirit of

creative interpretation of cultural heritage. In the DCP

method, it is very important to extract all the relevant fea-

tures concerning both architectural objects and the urban

structure of the analysed urban complex. The list of these

features is always dened individually and is closely re-

lated to the nature of the analysed development. There are

sets of features that are constant and recurring in any ur-

ban structure. These include, for example, in the area of

architectural studies: the height of individual buildings,

the angle of inclination of roof slopes or the material used

to cover them. In the area of urban studies, these include,

for example, the length and width of streets, distances be-

tween intersections, etc. There are also features that are

typical only of a particular development and testify to

a certain uniqueness of the analysed urban area. Each of

the studied features has its own categories. For example,

the architectural characteristic “height of buildings” has

categories such as one, two, three or more stories – depend-

ing on how tall the buildings are. The set of urban features

includes, for example, “urban interiors”. In this case, the

categories of this feature can be the areas of each interior.

For each feature, its degree of homogeneity is assigned. It

is the result of calculations made by means of an author’s

mathematical formula:

(1)

where:

– the degree of homogeneity of the feature,

KC – feature category.

With the help of this formula, the degree of homoge-

neity is calculated, which is an emanation of the percent-

age share of the individual categories included in a given

feature in all objects located in the area of the analysed

urban development complex. Degrees of homogeneity of

features are a very important guideline in the process of

transformation or expansion of existing urban complexes.

An extremely important assumption of the DCP method

is that design solutions for planned developments are also

subjected to analogous studies. If the distribution of data

on the categories of features of existing and planned devel-

opments coincides within certain ranges, it can be assumed

that the planned investment processes will proceed in the

spirit of preserving spatial and architectural continuity with

regard to the urban structure undergoing transformation.

By denition, these activities are not intended to lead to

the copying of the existing development, but to the creative

interpretation of its archetypal and urban features. Since

the DCP method is usually used to study large sections of

a city, thousands of architectural and spatial data are anal-

ysed. Processing such a large amount of information by tra-

ditional methods is extremely labour-intensive and, in de-

sign practice, extremely inecient. For this reason, special

software has been developed to maximally support the an-

alytical procedures included in this method. It is a fully au-

tomated computer-based analytical process. The software

that enables research using the DCP method is an open

source overlay, working in the environment of the most

widely used Excel spreadsheet. The use of this well-known

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100 Waldemar Marzęcki

Fig. 4. Computer process of conducting research with the use of Spatial Continuity Diagram carried out with the help of author’s software running

in Excel environment (2002, elaborated by W. Marzęcki, R. Sokołowski)

Il. 4. Komputerowy proces prowadzenia badań z użyciem Diagramu Ciągłości Przestrzennej przeprowadzany za pomocą

autorskiego oprogramowania działającego w środowisku Excel (2002, oprac. W. Marzęcki, R. Sokołowski)

computer platform was intended to make the analytical tool

as user-friendly as possible for designers (Fig. 4).

The DCP method found practical application in the de-

sign of a 50-hectare single-family housing development in

Gryno. Its prototype is an existing single-family devel-

opment district in Szczecin (Fig. 5).

The DCP method continues to be rened. The arti-

cle describes a module called the compliance calculator,

which is a new analytical tool included in the process of

studying urban structures using the DCP method. One of

the fundamental features of this method is that both the

existing development and the project for its transforma-

tion or expansion are analysed. As a result, it is possible

to predict already at the design stage whether the invest-

ment decisions made will promote the transformation of

the existing urban buildings in a spirit of respect for their

most essential features, or whether they may cause their

architectural and spatial deformation.

Description of the study

In designing practice, we have to deal with dierent

scales of construction decisions. In one case, it may in-

volve single buildings, and in another – an area-signicant

development. According to the author, in each of these sit-

uations, the overall results of the study of the original ur-

ban development, which we intend to transform or expand,

should be interpreted slightly dierently. “Compliance

calculator” is designed to determine to what percentage

the general results of existing development features should

be included in the newly designed urban structure. On the

surface, the task seems simple. But only on the surface, be-

cause two factors must be taken into account in the study.

Firstly, the result of the study depends on the degree of

homogeneity of the studied features of the model complex,

as the basic parameters of the DCP method, and secondly,

it depends on the size of the new development in relation

to the urban space under development. The results taking

into account these two parameters will always be unitary

and dicult to determine without the use of a compliance

calculator. The compliance calculator takes the form of

a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system (Fig. 6).

On the abscissa x-axis the percentage of projected

facilities in relation to existing facilities is marked. Of

course, the existing complex – regardless of the occupied

area – always represents 100% of the development. In

contrast, the percentage of the newly designed complex in

relation to the existing one is a variable value. In calcula-

tions using the compliance calculator, two values are also

placed on the ordinate y-axis. The rst is a constant value

for a specic study and is the same as the degree of homo-

geneity of the studied feature of the existing complex. The

second value, on the other hand, is variable and depends

on the percentage of new development in relation to the

existing one. And it is this value that is the expected result

of a survey conducted using a compliance calculator. To

obtain the aforementioned result, it is necessary to draw

a line between the value of homogeneity of the studied

feature of the existing complex and the value of 100% on

the y-axis. This section is called the “homogeneity range

line”. The angle of the “homogeneity range line” depends

on the degree of homogeneity of the model complex fea-

Compliance calculator 101

Fig. 5. Planning documentation and orthophotomap illustrating the status of construction of the “Wełtyń II” housing estate in Gryfino,

erected on the basis of Resolution NR XXII/294/2000 of the Gryfino Town Council of September 21, 2000

on amendments to the general spatial development plan of Gryfino town and municipality for part of the area within Wełtyń II:

A – planning documentation, B – part of the planning documentation,

C – orthophotomap illustrating the state of construction of the Wełtyń II estate (2020, elaborated by W. Marzęcki)

Il. 5. Dokumentacja planistyczna i ortofotomapa ilustrująca stan budowy osiedla „Wełtyń II” w Gryfinie,

wznoszonego na podstawie uchwały NR XXII/294/2000 Rady Miejskiej w Gryfinie z dnia 21 września 2000 r.

w sprawie zmiany w planie ogólnym zagospodarowania przestrzennego miasta i gminy Gryfino dla części terenu w obrębie Wełtyń II:

A – dokumentacja planistyczna, B – fragment dokumentacji planistycznej,

C – ortofotomapa ilustrująca stan realizacji osiedla Wełtyń II (2020, oprac. W. Marzęcki)

ture. To illustrate the operation of the compliance calcu-

lator, a development complex consisting of objects of ve

dierent heights was analysed (Fig. 7).

The principle of the compliance calculator was illus-

trated by a series of three-dimensional diagrams showing

dierent variants of development of our theoretical urban

complex (Fig. 8). The degree of homogeneity of the feature

“building height” in the designed complex is 35% (Fig. 8A).

Such a low degree of homogeneity means that this is a de-

velopment that varies greatly within the “building height”

feature. For example, the developer decided to expand the

existing complex by erecting a single building (Fig. 8B).

Its degree of homogeneity of the feature “building height”

will be 100%. If its height is one of the heights found in the

model development, there will not be any deformation of

the existing development, despite the fact that the model

complex is characterized by low homogeneity of this fea-

ture. This case justies the connection of the “homogeneity

range line” specied individually for a given percentage set

of the degree of homogeneity with a value equal to 100%.

From the assumptions underlying the creation of the

“compatibility calculator” it follows that any single object

of the height found in the existing development does not

cause deformation of the model development.

It is also worth analysing the situation when the inves-

tor decides to expand the development in question by in-

creasing the number of buildings. In the theoretical model,

the expansion by 30% and 45% is illustrated successively

(Fig. 8C, D). Then, by putting down on the x-axis the in-

creasing percentages of the new development in relation

to the original one and using the reading of the results by

means of the “homogeneity range line”, the desired de-

grees of homogeneity of a certain feature are obtained.

For a 30% expansion, the desired degree of homogeneity

of a feature should be about 84%. Increasing the develop-

ment by 45%, the degree of homogeneity of the new de-

velopment should be closer to 71%. From a mathematical

point of view, there is nothing to prevent obtaining precise

results without any rounding. Approximate values for the

degree of homogeneity of the feature relating to new de-

velopment were used intentionally to indicate that slight

deviations from the precisely determined result do not

have a signicant impact on the quality of urban space.

The analysis of items C and D indicates that the

greater

102 Waldemar Marzęcki

Fig. 8. Summary of the various phases of simulation of the operation of the compliance calculator in the process of expanding an urban

development complex: A – theoretical model of the urban development complex subject to the expansion process, B – expansion by 1%,

C – expansion by 30%, D – expansion by 45%, E – expansion by 100%, F – expansion above 100% (2023, elaborated by W. Marzęcki)

Il. 8. Zestawienie poszczególnych faz symulacji działania kalkulatora zgodności w procesie rozbudowywania zespołu zabudowy miejskiej:

A – teoretyczny model zespołu urbanistycznego podlegającego procesowi rozbudowy, B – rozbudowa o 1%, C – rozbudowa o 30%,

D – rozbudowa o 45%, E – rozbudowa o 100%, F – rozbudowa powyżej 100% (2023, oprac. W. Marzęcki)

Fig. 6. Compliance calculator (2023, elaborated by W. Marzęcki)

Il. 6. Kalkulator zgodności (2023, oprac. W. Marzęcki)

Fig. 7. Simulation illustrating the principle of operation

of the compliance calculator:

A – a list of objects of different heights,

used to construct a theoretical urban complex,

B – theoretical model of the urban complex

used to illustrate the operation of the “compliance calculator”

(2023, elaborated by W. Marzęcki)

Il. 7. Symulacja ilustrująca zasadę działania

kalkulatora zgodności:

A – zestawienie obiektów o różnych wysokościach,

służących skonstruowaniu teoretycznego

zespołu urbanistycznego.

B – teoretyczny model zespołu urbanistycznego,

służący zilustrowaniu działania „kalkulatora zgodności”

(2023, oprac. W. Marzęcki)

the percentage of expansion of the existing complex, the

degree of homogeneity of the feature increasingly ap-

proaches the degree of homogeneity of the model com-

plex feature. If the same size of the new complex relative

to the existing one is achieved, the compliance calculator

indicates that in order to maintain spatial continuity of

the two complexes, their degrees of homogeneity should

be equal (Fig. 8E). The compliance calculator makes the

Compliance calculator 103

assumption that in the case of an expansion larger than

the original complex (Fig. 8F), its homogeneity should no

longer decrease, but should remain at the level of the de-

gree of homogeneity of the reference development. Such

an assumption should protect the transformed or expand-

ed existing buildings from spatial and architectural defor-

mation.

The principle of interpreting the results obtained by

using the compliance calculator is shown in the diagram

(Fig. 9).

Conclusions

In general, the Spatial Continuity Diagram method, to-

gether with the newly developed compliance calculator,

allows one to take a broad look at the urban structure under

study, revealing architectural and urban dependencies that

are often invisible in a sectional view. These dependencies

often constitute the perceived atmosphere of a place. With-

out a broader view of the analysed development, they can

be lost. The DCP method – as a tool for objective comput-

er analysis of thousands of data – gives a chance to dene

the specic genius loci of the analysed place. Thanks to

this, a designer “armed” with this type of knowledge will

be able to consciously and, most importantly, creatively

transform an urban space in the spirit of preserving its cul-

tural continuity. An example is the “Wełtyń II” housing

development currently under construction in Gryno, the

design of which used the DCP method. There are studies

on various similar spatial problems, which use computer

techniques, however, with dierent methodologies. Also

original in the DCP method seems to be the fact that the

analytical process at the design stage includes not only

the existing development, but also the investment inten-

tion. The purpose is to check whether future investment

activities will promote the harmonious transformation or

expansion of the urban space under study.

Summary

In design practice, it is the data obtained through the

compliance calculator, and not the overall degree of ho-

mogeneity of the features of the analysed development

that will guide the design of future developments. Of

course, the compliance calculator is only a tool for rening

the results and in no way contradicts its general ndings.

The research conducted and the results obtained indi-

cate that:

1. The degrees of homogeneity of the various archi-

tectural and urban design features of the existing urban

development, obtained through analyses using the DCP

method, are open to further interpretation depending on

the type of subsequent investment activities.

2. The basis for interpreting the degrees of homogene-

ity of individual characteristics is a new research module

called the compliance calculator.

3. “Compliance calculator” indicates that in the process

of expanding the existing urban structure, it is possible to

achieve various degrees of homogeneity of the features

of the new development in the range of 100% to a value

analogous to the expanded development.

4. The greater the percentage of a new development

in relation to an existing development, the degree of ho-

mogeneity decreases in value, approaching the value of

homogeneity of the features of an expanded development.

5. With identical areas of existing and expanded build-

ings, the degree of homogeneity of features should be the

same.

6. In the case of expansion with a percentage greater

than the existing development, the previously observed

decline in the degree of homogeneity of features should

be halted at the level of the value corresponding to the

existing development. Otherwise, further expansion with

decreasing values of the degree of homogeneity will lead

to the formation of urban structures with dierent archi-

tectural and spatial characteristics, and in extreme cases to

their progressive deformation.

The Spatial Continuity Diagram method is still being

developed. Therefore, within the framework of the new

research postulates, it is planned to expand the research

eld with another analytical module. It will concern the

degree of spatial concentration of the various categories

of both architectural and urban features studied in the an-

alysed urban complexes. It will be called “degree of con-

centration”.

Translated by

Wojciech Czacharowski

Fig. 9. General diagram for

interpreting the results obtained

using the compliance calculator

in the process of expanding

the urban development complex

(2023, elaborated by W. Marzęcki)

Il. 9. Ogólny schemat

interpretacji wyników

uzyskanych z wykorzystaniem

kalkulatora zgodności w procesie

rozbudowywania zespołu

zabudowy miejskiej (2023,

oprac. W. Marzęcki)

104 Waldemar Marzęcki

Abstract

Compliance calculator

The article describes the “compliance calculator”. This is a new research module of the Spatial Continuity Diagram method. It is used to support

the processes of transformation and expansion of existing urban structures in the spirit of respecting their spatial continuity.

The article presents a method of calculating the degrees of homogeneity of architectural and urban features for complexes that are extensions

of the existing urban fabric. The purpose is to show by means of a compliance calculator the mechanism for determining the appropriate degrees of

homogeneity of the features of a new development depending on what percentage they represent in relation to the existing development. A theoretical

model has been developed to simulate the development process of an urban complex consisting of buildings of ve dierent heights and low feature

homogeneity. The model illustrates the methodology for calculating, using a compliance calculator, the relevant results for the degrees of feature

homogeneity of a new development.

It was shown that the compliance calculator, which is a new research module, renes the general ndings of the Spatial Continuity Diagram used

in the process of harmonious expansion of urban structures. The research shows that the larger the percentage of the expansion area, the closer its

degree of homogeneity should be to the degree of homogeneity of the urban structure being expanded. However, it should not be lower than that.

Otherwise, it may lead to spatial degradation of the existing development.

Key words: mathematical simulations, urban composition, Spatial Continuity Diagram (DCP), compliance calculator

Streszczenie

Kalkulator zgodności

W artykule został opisany „kalkulator zgodności”. Jest to nowy moduł badawczy metody Diagramu Ciągłości Przestrzennej. Służy on wspoma-

ganiu procesów przekształcania i rozbudowy istniejących struktur miejskich w duchu poszanowania ich ciągłości przestrzennej.

W artykule przedstawiono sposób obliczania stopni jednorodności cech architektonicznych i urbanistycznych dla zespołów będących rozbudo-

wą istniejącej tkanki miejskiej. Celem autora pracy jest pokazanie za pomocą „kalkulatora zgodności” mechanizmu ustalania odpowiednich stopni

jednorodności cech nowej zabudowy w zależności od tego, jaki stanowią one procent w stosunku do istniejącej zabudowy. Został opracowany

teoretyczny model symulujący proces rozbudowy zespołu urbanistycznego, składającego się z obiektów o pięciu różnych wysokościach oraz niskiej

jednorodności cechy. Model ten ilustruje metodykę obliczania za pomocą „kalkulatora zgodności” stosownych wyników dotyczących stopni jedno-

rodności cech nowej zabudowy.

Wykazano, że kalkulator zgodności, będący nowym modułem badawczym, doprecyzowuje ogólne ustalenia Diagramu Ciągłości Przestrzennej

wykorzystywane w procesie harmonijnego rozbudowywania struktur miejskich. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że im większy jest procentowo

obszar rozbudowy, tym jego stopień jednorodności powinien być bardziej zbliżony do stopnia jednorodności rozbudowywanej struktury urbani-

stycznej. Nie powinien on być jednak od niego niższy. W przeciwnym razie może to doprowadzić do degradacji przestrzennej istniejącej zabudowy.

Słowa kluczowe: symulacje matematyczne, kompozycja urbanistyczna, Diagram Ciągłości Przestrzennej (DCP), kalkulator zgodności

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