EURO 2012 Enterprise – attempt at assessing the achieved architectural and structural effects

Michał Pelczarski, Zdzisław Pelczarski

doi:10.5277/arc120110

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to answer the following question: are these spectacular and unquestionable achievements accompanied by equal successes in the field of architectural and constructional qualities? Did quick and protective decisions concerning the choice of foreign designers influence unification of solutions which – instead of providing unique offers with architectural icon features – became similar to many other famous constructions in the world? As a solution worth imitating, a Portuguese model was presented according to which, thanks to adopting the relevant laws by the parliament, the majority of new stadiums were designed by native architects and only at the execution phase, when there was a need for advanced technologies and experience in building this sort of structures, were foreign companies employed. Unfortunately, Poland did not follow this positive example and did not oppose globalisation phenomena, the monopoly of a few big specialist design companies and the resultant unification of stadium architecture.

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the achieved architectural and structural effects

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UEFA – the status and legal requirements connected with EURO 2012

DOI: 10.5277/arc120110

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A. Schematic section of the Olympic stadium in Berlin C. Schematic section of the stadium in

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South Africa

D. List of differences and similarities

Fig.1

FAÇADE

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A. Wroclaw stadium elevation

presented in the competition

project

B. Completed elevation. No waist makes

the facility look much heavier

Det. A

C. Completed façade – Individual sections of

membrane between horizontal rings and

vertical frames

D. Façade with removed vertical frames

Det. A

E. F.

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A. Schematic section of Stadion

ĝOąski – Saturn

2005 roof design

C. Schematic section of the stadium in Warsaw

D. List of differences and simLOarities

B. AeriaOview of Stadion

ĝOąski – Saturn 2005 roof design.

Zakáad Projektowania i WdrRĪHĔ TB, Katowice.

VisuaOLzation: Marcin Morga

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ZLG]HQLD &6FKHPDWSU]HNURMXVWDGLRQXZDUV]DZVNLHJRD±SLHUĞFLHĔĞFLVNDQ\E±SLHUĞFLHĔUR]FLąJDQ\F±VáXSáąF]QLH]DVWRVRZDQRVáXS\

>@G±GZDRGFLąJLSRSU]HF]QLHVWDELOL]XMąFHGHZLDWRUSRZWyU]RQHUD]\VLOQLH]DJĊV]F]DMąREUD]LGRPLQXMąIRUPĊVWDGLRQX'=HVWDZLHQLH

UyĪQLFLSRGRELHĔVWZ2SUDF03HOF]DUVNL

 (852(QWHUSULVH±DWWHPSWDWDVVHVVLQJWKHDFKLHYHGDUFKLWHFWXUDODQGVWUXFWXUDOHIIHFWV 

)LJ2O\PSLFVWDGLXPLQ6WXWWJDUWDQG6WDGLRQĝOąVNL±GLIIHUHQFHVDQGVLPLODULWLHV$6FKHPDWLFVHFWLRQRIWKHVWDGLXPLQ6WXWWJDUW

D±FRPSUHVVLRQULQJE±WHQVLRQULQJF±7KHUDGLDOORDGVLQERWKFRPSUHVVLRQULQJVDUHUHGXFHGGXHWRWKHWLOWHGFROXPQV7KH\DUHUHGXFHG

EHFDXVHRIWKHWHQVLOHIRUFHVJHQHUDWHGLQWKHULQJVGXHWRWKHLUGHDGZHLJKW%6WDGLXPLQ6WXWWJDUWDORQJWKHPDMRUD[LVRIWKHHOOLSVH

SKRWR03HOF]DUVNL&6FKHPDWLFVHFWLRQRI6WDGLRQĝOąVNLD±FRPSUHVVLRQULQJE±WHQVLRQULQJF±7KHUDGLDOORDGVDUHUHGXFHGGXHWRWKH

WLOWHGFROXPQVRQO\LQWKHXSSHUFRPSUHVVLRQULQJ'$VVHPEO\RIWKHFDEOLQJLQ6WDGLRQĝOąVNL6XFKDQH[WHQVLYHWLOWRIWKHURRIVWUXFWXUH

± PDERYHWKHJURXQGFDQFDXVHDQLPSUHVVLRQRILQVWDELOLW\DQGDVXEFRQVFLRXVFRQFHUQRIWKHXVHUVSKRWR03HOF]DUVNL(/LVW

RIGLIIHUHQFHVDQGVLPLODULWLHV'HYHORSHGE\03HOF]DUVNL

,O6WDGLRQROLPSLMVNLZ6WXWWJDUFLHL6WDGLRQĝOąVNL±]HVWDZLHQLHUyĪQLFLSRGRELHĔVWZ$6FKHPDWSU]HNURMXVWDGLRQXZ6WXWWJDUFLH

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REFLąĪHQLHUDGLDOQH5HGXNFMDSRZVWDMHG]LĊNLVLáRPUR]FLąJDMąF\PMDNLHJHQHUXMąVLĊZSLHUĞFLHQLDFKRGMHJRFLĊĪDUXZáDVQHJR%6WDGLRQ

Z6WXWWJDUFLHZ]GáXĪGáXJLHMRVLHOLSV\IRW03HOF]DUVNL&6FKHPDWSU]HNURMX6WDGLRQXĝOąVNLHJRD±SLHUĞFLHĔĞFLVNDQ\E±SLHUĞFLHĔ

UR]FLąJDQ\F±Z\FK\OHQLHVáXSyZSURZDG]LGRREQLĪHQLDVLáUDGLDOQ\FKW\ONRZJyUQ\PSLHUĞFLHQLXĞFLVNDQ\P')D]DPRQWDĪXROLQRZDQLD

6WDGLRQXĝOąVNLHJRD7DN]QDF]QHZ\FK\OHQLHNRQVWUXNFMLGDFKX]QDMGXMąFHMVLĊQDZ\VRNRĞFL±PQDGSR]LRPHPWHUHQXPRĪHZ\ZRá\ZDü

ZUDĪHQLHQLHVWDELOQRĞFLLZ]EXG]DüSRGĞZLDGRP\QLHSRNyMZXĪ\WNRZQLNDFK(=HVWDZLHQLHUyĪQLFLSRGRELHĔVWZ2SUDF03HOF]DUVNL

A. Schematic section of the stadium in Stuttgart

B. Stadium in Stuttgart along the major axis of the

ellipse

D. Assembly of the roof structure cable-net system

in Stadion ĝOąVNi

C. Schematic section of Stadion ĝOąVNi

E. List of differences and similarities

STADION

 0LFKDá3HOF]DUVNL=G]LVáDZ3HOF]DUVNL

8QIRUWXQDWHO\ DOVR WKLV WLPH GHVSLWH D IDLUO\ ODUJH

DPRXQWRI SXEOLF IXQGV FUHGLWHGIURP ĝOąVNLH 3URYLQFH

WKH VWDGLXP ZDV QRW OXFN\$ IHZ FODPSV )LJ $ %

ZKLFK IDVWHQ WKH VXSSRUWLQJ FDEOHV WR WKH LQQHU WHQVLRQ

ULQJEURNHDQGWKDWLVWKHUHDVRQIRUWKHFXUUHQWORQJWHUP

EUHDNLQWKHZRUNV7KHVHHOHPHQWVZHUHPDQXIDFWXUHGLQ

3RODQGDQG WKHQ LQ6SDLQ EXW DQ\ZD\WKH\ KDG GHIHFWV

7KH\ EURNH ZKHQ WKH FDEOLQJ ZKLFK VXVSHQGV WKH URRI

FRQVWUXFWLRQZDVEHLQJUDLVHGGXULQJDVVHPEO\

&XUUHQWO\DIWHUWKHFDEOLQJZDVORZHUHGWKH UHDVRQVRI

WKHIDLOXUHDUHDQDO\]HGDQGIXUWKHUVWUDWHJLHVRIDFWLRQVDUH

DJUHHG)RUWKH¿UVWWLPHLQWKHKLVWRU\RILWVRSHUDWLRQVWKH

6ZLVVFRPSDQ\96/ZKLFKZDVHDUOLHUDVVHPEOLQJWKHFRVWO\

URRIRIWKHVWDGLXPLQ:DUVDZKDGWRORZHUWKHVXSSRUWLQJ

FDEOHVZKLFKLVWKHRSSRVLWHRIWKHRSHUDWLRQIRUZKLFKWKH

KRLVWLQJHTXLSPHQWLVGHVLJQHG,WLVSUREDEOHWKDWWKHUHDVRQV

IRUWKLVVLWXDWLRQFRXOGLQFOXGHWKHPDQXIDFWXULQJDQGPDWH

ULDOGHIHFWVRUXQHTXDOVWUHWFKRIWKHWHQVLRQPHPEHUVGXULQJ

WKHKRLVWLQJRIWKHLQQHUULQJ,WVKRXOGEHVWUHVVHGWKDWLWLVRQH

RIWKHELJJHVW³ELF\FOHZKHHO´URRIV,WVVL]HLVGHWHUPLQHGE\

WKHVL]HRIWKHWUDFNDQG¿HOGVWDGLXP)LJ

,WLVVXUSULVLQJWKDW*03DFRPSDQ\IDPRXVIRUFRYHULQJ

WKHVWDGLXPURRIVGHVLJQHGE\LWDERYHWKHVWDQGVZLWK37)(

PHPEUDQHVDEDQGRQHGWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIVXFKDVROXWLRQLQ

&KRU]yZDQGXSRQWKHLQYHVWRU¶VDSSURYDOVXJJHVWHGFRYHU

LQJ WKH URRI ZLWK PXOWLFKDPEHU SRO\FDUERQDWH VKHHWV$V

DUHVXOWLWZDVQHFHVVDU\WRDSSO\DGHQVHVWHHOXQGHUVWUXFWXUH

ZLWKDVLJQL¿FDQWGHDGZHLJKWIRUWKHSRO\FDUERQDWHURR¿QJ

$FWXDOO\DSK\VLFDOO\DQGRSWLFDOO\KHDY\SVHXGRGRPHZLWK

DGHQVHVXSSRUWLQJVWUXFWXUHIRUWKHURRIPDGHRIPZLGH

VKHHWVPXVWKDQJRQDV\VWHPRIFDEOHJLUGHUV8QIRUWXQDWHO\

LWLVLPSRVVLEOHWRHYDOXDWHWKRVHDVVXPSWLRQVDVWKHHIIHF

WLYHYLVXDOL]DWLRQVRIWKHVWDGLXPLQWHULRUZLWKWKHYLHZRIWKH

URRIIURPXQGHUQHDWKGRQRWVKRZWKDWHOHPHQW$VLPLODUDFW

RIIDOVLI\LQJWKHUHDOLW\FDQEHVHHQLQWKHFDVHRIUHQGHULQJV

RIVXSSRUWLQJJLUGHUVRIWKHURRIRIWKHVWDGLXPLQ3R]QDĔRU

WHFWRQLFVRIWKHIDoDGHRIWKHVWDGLXPLQ:URFáDZ

%\WKHZD\LWLVZRUWKPHQWLRQLQJWKDWWKHJDVNHWVRI

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DQGXQVHDOWKHFKDPEHUV$VDUHVXOWIDXQDDQGÀRUDGH

YHORSLQVLGHWKHPZKLFKLQWXUQLVYLVLEOHLQWKHIRUPRI

UXQVWKDWORRNOLNHGLUW

*GDĔVN6WDGLXP

7KHDQDO\VLVRIWKHPDLQVWDGLXPVEXLOWIRU(852

LQUHVSHFWRIWKHLURULJLQDOFRQVWUXFWLRQVGHPRQVWUDWHWKDW

WKHGHVLJQRIWKHURRIRIWKHVWDGLXPLQ*GDĔVNLVZRUWK

RXUVSHFLDODWWHQWLRQ)LJ$%,WLVRQHRIWKHPRVW

LQWHUHVWLQJVHOIVXSSRUWLQJVWUXFWXUHVLQ3RODQGandin the

ZRUOG6HDUFKLQJIRUDQ\SRVVLEOHZD\WRUHGXFHWKHFRVWV

RIWKDWGHVLJQRQHFRXOGRQO\FRQVLGHUPRYLQJWKHSRLQW

RIVXSSRUWRIWKHURRILQGHSHQGHQWVWUXFWXUHWRWKHFURZQ

RIWKHUHLQIRUFHGFRQFUHWHVWDQGVZKLFKLQWKHRSLQLRQRI

WKLVDUWLFOH¶VDXWKRUVZRXOGSUHYHQWWKHGRXEOLQJRIWKH

PDLQVXSSRUWLQJVWUXFWXUHRIWKHURRIDQGWKHVWDQGV

)LJ$9LHZRIWZRFODPSVZKLFKEURNHZKLOHUDLVLQJWKHFDEOLQJ

3KRWR'DZLG:KLVNH\6L[±IRUXPJNZ

,O$:LGRNGZyFK]HUZDQ\FKNURNRG\OLZID]LHSRGQRV]HQLD

ROLQRZDQLDQDSR]LRPSURMHNWRZDQ\)RW'DZLG:KLVNH\6L[

±IRUXPJNZ

)LJ%9LHZRIWZRFODPSVZKLFKEURNHZKLOHUDLVLQJWKHFDEOLQJ

'HYHORSHGE\03HOF]DUVNL

,O%:LGRNGZyFK]HUZDQ\FKNURNRG\OLZID]LHSRGQRV]HQLD

ROLQRZDQLDQDSR]LRPSURMHNWRZDQ\2SUDF03HOF]DUVNL

Conclusions

'XHWRWKHOLPLWHGVFRSHRIWKLVDUWLFOHLWZDVSRVVLEOHWR

DQDO\]HLQGHWDLORQO\WKHPDLQDUFKLWHFWXUDODQGVWUXFWXUDO

HOHPHQWV RI WKH VWDGLXPV ZKLFK GHWHUPLQH WKHLU JHQHUDO

VSDWLDOIRUPV7KH\LQFOXGHWKHURRIVDERYHWKHVWDQGVDQG

PD\EHWKHDUHQDVDVZHOODVH[WHUQDOFODGGLQJ7KHGHVLJQV

RIWKHVWDQGVDVZHOODVWKHLVVXHRIFRPIRUWDQGVDIHW\RIWKH

YLHZHUVDQGRWKHUXVHUVRIWKHVWDGLXPVDVZHOODVWKHLVVXHV

UHJDUGLQJWHFKQLFDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUHZHUHQRWDQDO\]HGGXHWR

WKHLUH[WHQVLYHDQGFRPSOH[FKDUDFWHU7KHLVVXHVFRQQHFW

HGZLWKWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQDQG¿QDQFLQJRI(852KDYH

EHHQSUHVHQWHGLQJUHDWHUGHWDLOEHFDXVHLQWKHRSLQLRQRI

WKHDXWKRUVWKHVSHFL¿FIRUPVDVVXPHGLQWKRVHVFRSHVLP

SRVHGWRDODUJHH[WHQWE\WKH8QLRQRI(XURSHDQ)RRWEDOO

$VVRFLDWLRQV8()$KDYHDVLJQL¿FDQWDQGGLUHFWLPSDFW

RQWKHHIIHFWVRIVWDGLXPLQYHVWPHQWV+RZHYHUWKHH[SH

ULHQFHRIWZRSUHYLRXVFKDPSLRQVKLSVKHOGLQ$XVWULDDQG

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Det. A

Det.A

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B. Final stage – girders without temporary support

D. Wimbledon Court No.2 with the spoke wheel

“ballast” system

E. Pinned supports of the structure

F. Internal view of tubular rings and triangular

supports

C. Detail A

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