From the Editors

Editorial Board

doi:10.37190/arc200201

Abstract

The presented issue of the “Architectus” magazine is about the unique place of El Fuerte de Samaipata. It is one of the most important settlements in modern Bolivia, with over 1000 years of history, reflecting the influence of subsequent pre-Columbian cultures – not only those originating from the circle of Andean civilizations, but also having their origins in the Amazon lowlands. The uniqueness of this place (sometimes called Little Machu Picchu) was the reason why El Fuerte de Samaipata was entered in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

El Fuerte de Samaipata, starting from the mid-twentieth century, has already been the subject of many scientific studies, which were carried out mainly by German researchers. A special place in this research is occupied by Proyecto Arqueológico en Samaipata (PIAS) – many years of comprehensive archaeological and documentary work led by Albert Meyers. We owe him not only the determination of the sequence of the influence of successive cultures on the present shape of Samaipata, but also the first so detailed plan of the entire site, prepared using the most advanced measurement methods at that time (the 1990s). The results of the conducted work drew the specialists’ attention to the rapidly progressing erosion of the Samaipata rock. Although anthropogenic destruction was radically reduced in the 1990s, soft sedimentary rock is still exposed to the erosive influence of the harsh climate here characterized by rapid temperature changes, heavy rainfall and strong winds.

It was the rapidly progressing erosion of the rock and the numerous rock carvings that are blurred every year that made Polish researchers from the Center for Andean Studies of the University of Warsaw in Cusco led by Professor Mariusz Ziółkowski and the Laboratory of Scanning and 3D Modeling of the Wrocław University of Science and Technology led by Professor Jacek Kościuk interested in El Fuerte de Samaipata in 2014. As a result of their cooperation in the years 2016–2019, the detailed documentation of the site presented in this issue of “Architectus” was created, made with modern surveying techniques (3D laser scanning, structured light scanning, digital photogrammetry in visible and infrared range) as well as an analysis of the extent and speed of the degradation process (erosion) of this site. This became the basis for the iconographic analysis of preserved petroglyphs and the relative chronology of individual rock carvings. It was also the starting point for the development of the risk maps allowing for the selection of areas for immediate intervention.

The subject of research presented in this issue – El Fuerte de Samaipata – is of interest to readers from many parts of the world. This edition is addressed to the international community of researchers dealing with both the broadly understood studies of pre-Columbian cultures and the narrow subject of pre-Columbian rock art. Taking into account the uniqueness of the site, its specificity, as well as the importance of the presented materials and analyzes, the editors decided to treat the editorial side of this issue in a different way and introduce a few exceptions to the binding editorial rules.

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