Issue 1(41)/2015

DOI: 10.5277/ARCHITECTUS

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Articles

Monika Ewa Adamska - Johann Martin Pohlmann (1726–1800). Architect of the period of Frederick the Great

doi:10.5277/arc150101

In the paper professional achievements of Johann Martin Pohlmann, Berlin-born architect active in Silesia in the 2nd half of the 18th century, mainly during the reign of king Frederic the Great, are presented. Pohlmann’s professional career was connected with his work in managerial positions in the building departments of Silesian Chamber of Wars and Domains in Opole and Wrocław. The architect realizing the king’s policy of economic and urban development of Silesia, incorporated to Prussia, participated in the process of founding ironworks in the valley of the Mała Panew and establishment the Frederician settlements. Amongst professional achievements of Johann Martin Pohlmann there are also projects of public buildings, i.a. Evangelic churches. Although Pohlmann’s works fit still into Baroque architecture, they belong to a transition period; one can notice in his works also neoClassical elements. A special attention deserve design solutions of Frederician settlements in Jedlice and Kup – only partly preservedcompositions based on the geometry of a circle.

Keywords:

    2nd-half-of-the-18th-century

    frederician-colonization

    development-of-metallurgy

    central-arrangements

    silesia

Zoriana Lukomska, Halyna Lukomska - Transformation of function – new life of the monument. Reason for the choice of function which could be used to adaptation of the architectural monument

doi:10.5277/arc150102

This research proved the possibility of adaptation of former palace complexes to a modern function that will give rise to the increase of public and investor interest in valuable historical and architectural heritage which will save such buildings from destruction. Nowadays in Western Ukraine there are more than ten palace complexes that have the status of an architecture monument. But they are in the process of destruction, because of not being properly used, and require a set of measures for their saving.     The idea of adapting historic palace complexes to new modern functions is presented by the example of an architectural monument – the Potocki Palace (17th–18th c.) in Ivano-Frankivsk. The key benefi ts of adaptation of the palace complex to a Spa function are revealed in this article, because a hotel, recreational and health facilities, located in historical palace complexes, become increasingly more popular in the society.

Keywords:

    adaptation-of-architecture-monument

    spa-architecture

    spa-“basic-module”

Krystyna Strumiłło - Venice – cultural heritage. The issue of saving the city and monuments

doi:10.5277/arc150103

This article is an attempt to present the specificity of Venice as the city and the issue of saving its heritage by providing protection against the effects of high tides.     Venice is a special city – the island city, the city of canals and gondolas, but most of all the city of sights. Both the climate and the location of Venice make it very often susceptible to flooding and this in turn is the cause of the deteriorating condition of the buildings.

Keywords:

    venice

    monuments

    cultural-heritage

    saving-the-city

Joanna Dudek-Klimiuk - Innovative project of a botanical garden in Lublin dating back to 1964, by Oskar and Zofia Hansen

doi:10.5277/arc150104

The aim of this article is to present the little known idea of managing the Botanical Garden in Lublin, drawn up in the 1960s by Oskar and Zofia Hansen. It is an unusual and innovative project as compared to projects of its time, as a consequence of the author’s philosophy of design for the community. The design for the Botanical Garden presented below is one of the author’s plans that was never implemented, but the only one concerning space in landscape architecture. The main idea, which is based on the design of the entire structure of the garden and detailed design solutions, was based on the priority of the assemblage of plants (nature) over the recipient, man. It is the plants and their grouping that determine the way in which the visitor passes through the garden; many traditional paths were replaced by platforms and footbridges, situated over both land and water, or high up in the crowns of trees, so as to make the observation of nature possible without having to interfere with its existence (transformation and growth), and in this way to minimize damage to plants by future users. The design solutions proposed by Hansen, which at that time were perhaps only an executive utopia, especially due to technological limitations of the period, were certainly solutions decades ahead of their time, and that have only recently come into fashion, and are only now sought after as innovative projects.

Keywords:

    composition

    landscape-architecture

    open-form

    tree-walkway

s. Anna Tejszerska - Contemporary sacred architecture in view of the postmodern culture trends

doi:10.5277/arc150105

The paper raises the question of the role of sacred art and architecture in the work of culture creation; which revolves around the problem of relationship and interplay between culture tendency and course of sacral architecture development. The emphasis is put on contemporary art, architecture and culture.

Keywords:

    contemporary-sacred-architecture

    culture

Joanna Majczyk, Agnieszka Tomaszewicz - Aleja Profesorów (Avenue of Professors) in the main campus of Wrocław University of Technology – history of the spatial system development

doi:10.5277/arc150106

Aleja Profesorów has been conceived as the main representative urban interior of the campus of the Wrocław University of Technology. Its building began in the after-the-war period, between Grunwaldzki Square and the bank of the Oder River. The compositional frames of the avenue were defined in the first plan of creating a fragm ent of the Wrocław town centre which was worked out in 1949; it was to compose one of the transverse axes laid out perpendicularly to Grunwaldzki Square – the most important communication route of this district. The process of forming Aleja Profesorów began with the erection of buildings of the Faculties of Electrical Engineering and Aviation (buildings D1 and D2) in the years 1950–1955. The identical buildings designed by Professors Zbigniew Kupiec and Tadeusz Brzoza raised along Grunwaldzki Square defined the width of the avenue and its north-east and north-west boundary. In the 50s and 60s of the 20th century several concepts of forming the frontage of Aleja Profesorów came into being, of which none, however, were realized. The overall plan of the new campus of the University of Technology came into being as a result of a contest in 1964. The authors of the winning work, Krystyna and Marian Barscy, presented a vision of creating Aleja Profesorów whose fundamental part they solved in the form of a square bordered with two rows of trees. However, due to very difficult conditions of accommodations at the university, the interior of the avenue was successively filled with temporary pavilions, trying, at the same time, to realize quarters for consecutive faculties provided in the project of Barscy. Acceleration of works bound with building of the Technological University’s campus followed only after Poland joined the European Union. New potentialities of financing investments bound with science allowed constructing buildings of the Integrated Student Centre and the Library of Science and Technology which closed off Aleja Profesorów from the south and the north. In succeeding years building was completed along the east and west boundaries of the avenue, the temporary pavilions were pulled down and a plan of composing the avenue’s interior was presented. In the conception worked out by Bogusław Wowrzeczka, the original plan of creating a representative urban interior perceived as a meeting-place of students and staff of the university was preserved.

Keywords:

    wrocław

    grunwaldzki-square

    wrocław-university-of-technology

    avenue-of-professors

    spatial-arrangement

Ewa Cisek - Arctic communities of Magerøya island as an example of reconstruction of early spatial structures and reactivation of local communities

doi:10.5277/arc150107

The article regards the reconstructed and innovative architecture of the northernmost region of Norway – Finnmark whose settlement structure was completely destroyed by German occupiers in the winter of 1944/1945. In the years 1947–1960 activities were started with a view to reconstruct and rebuild former arctic settlements which had previously been burned down. Perfect examples illustrating the reconstruction and development of the early structures are places situated in Magerøya island: Honningsvåg, Gjesvær, Kamøyvær i Skarsvåg. The architects reconstructed their cluster development organisation which focused around an ordering function, i.e. church/chapel and port and additionally enriching the layouts by new elements. These places at further stages of their development were given the name of thematic villages – cultural objects, eco-museums and thosepresenting history, culture, fauna and flora of a given region.

Keywords:

    norwegian-architecture

    reconstruction

    thematic-villages

Piotr Furmanek - Fractal facades

doi:10.5277/arc150108

Among many issues regarding connections between fractal geometry and architecture a signifi cant role is played by research on facades with fractal features. In their search for adequate examples scientists draw from the facades of historical structures, trying to find self-similar elements, and from studying the facades of contemporary buildings, measuring their fractal dimension. Most examples seem to demonstrate their fractal features randomly and unintentionally. The paper presents a proposal of the use of fractal surface with strictly mathematical algorithms generated as an element developing the form of the facade considered to be a relief.

Keywords:

    fractal

    surface

    facade

Anna Katarzyna Andrzejewska, Monika Łuczak - Participation of children’s community in creating public spaces

doi:10.5277/arc150109

The public spaces are designed and created by the people and for the people. Their customers are people in different age groups. Therefore, which groups should be taken into account in their design, and who should be involved in the planning process itself? The answer is obvious – everyone. But how is it in the reality? Practice shows that the topic of the surrounding space is primarily determined by adults. So, as they have the right to vote in political issues they are also usually taken into account in the social, spatial, and all other matters. But spatial planning is an area of public participation, i.e. for everybody, even the youngest citizen.     This article discusses the problem of children’s rights, their real opportunities to express opinions on the area in which they live. Moreover it demonstrates by the example of relations within the workshops for urban children aged 7–12 years, entitled “My dream residential complex” and other examples from the country and abroad, that the inclusion of children in the processes of decision making in the implementation of public tasks brings with it many benefits, both social and spatial.

Keywords:

    urban-planning

    participation

    child

    city

    public-space

Judyta Cichocka - Generative design optimization in urban planning – walkability-optimized city concept

doi:10.5277/arc150110

This paper presents an urban analysis and design workflow using Rhinoceros/Grasshopper with evolutionary solver Galapagos and add-ons: Shortest Walk (ShortWalk) and Elk. The research is based on the authentic urban situation in the city of Irkutsk and was conducted within the 15th session of the International Baikal Winter University of Urban Planning 2014. The aim of the research is to propose a workflow, which reforms some part of the existing urban structure into walkable neighborhood. The study uses a walkability calculator to estimate the walk scores for the residential buildings within the design perimeter and applies genetic algorithms to point out the location of the new amenities to maximize the average of the particular walk scores. As a result, the conceptual project of walkable-optimized neighborhood is proposed. The conclusions show the limitationsand potentials of the applied algorithm, discuss the resulting project and outline future research..

Keywords:

    generative-design

    optimization

    walkability

    walk-score

    genetic-algorithms