Issue 4(60)/2019

DOI: 10.5277/ARCHITECTUS

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Table of contents

Articles

Andrzej Legendziewicz - Medieval architecture of the Church of St. Hedwig of Silesia in Zielona Góra and transformations to the church between the 14th and 20th centuries

doi:10.37190/arc190401

The article presents the history of the creation and transformation of the parish church (now a co-cathedral) in Zielona Góra from the 2nd half of the 14th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The introduction presents the source and chronicle information as well as the current modest literature. Based on the architectural studies and the analysis of the details, the most important phases of the church’s transformation were separated. The beginnings of the existing building were erected in the 1370s, when a two-span presbytery was built. Presumably, at the beginning of the 15th century, a three-bay, four-nave, aisle body was built. The temple was probably damaged by a fire in 1419. After reconstruction, probably in the 2nd half of the 15th century, on the south side, was erected a Gethsemane Chapel with a gallery, a porch and at the turn of the 15th and 16th century – the Baptist Chapel. After the fire in 1546, the western porch was established, and after another in 1582 – the corps’ vault completed in 1590. The 2nd half of the 17th century brought new windows, and a high Baroque helmet. It fell down in 1776. A Baroque tower with a classicist helmet was rebuilt in stages up to 1832. At the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, renovation works were carried out, and at the beginning of the 21st century, renovation works were also carried out, the last stage of which was to preserve the interior of the Gethsemane Chapel.

Keywords:

    silesia

    architecture

    middle-ages

    church

    zielona-góra

Mateusz Michalski - Templum Hierosolymitanum – sacred architecture and the Solomon order

doi:10.37190/arc190402

The purpose of the work is to indicate the impact of the Jerusalem festival on European architecture, in particular Polish. The paper attempts to analyze the pattern of the Jerusalem Temple architecture. Two threads dominate the work. The first are columns before entering the temple, their symbolism and metaphorical implementations in synagogue architecture since ancient times and in Christian sacral architecture mainly of the modern period. The second is the issue of the Solomon order, its principles of development in modern architectural treaties, and practical application in sacral architecture. The reception of forms of the Solomon order based on the commentary to the Vision of Ezekiel by   llalpando and Prado and the work of Juan Ricci was attempted in order to present on the example of modern forms of architecture primarily Polish at the same time showing how different ideas were adopted when defining the order of the Jerusalem Temple.

Keywords:

    solomon-order

    jerusalem-temple

    villalpando

    prado

    in-ezechielem

    jachin

    boaz

Alicja Marynowska - The Seherr-Thoss palace in Szymanów (Simsdorf). An unknown Silesian creation of Schinkel?

doi:10.37190/arc190403

The aim of the article is to interpret the architecture of the Seherr-Thoss palace in Szymanów (Świdnica powiat – a Polish administrative unit). The uniqueness of the building is caused by the combination of three stylistic and composition elements originating from diverse sources, such as A. Palladio (neo-Palladian style), J.-N.-L. Durand (“new architecture”) and K.F. Schinkel (his villa architecture). A small number of archives makes it impossible to properly date the palace or to determine its designer. The conducted research indicates the 1820s as probable time of its erection and the architect Ludwig Persius – Schinkel’s student – as the probable author of the project.

Keywords:

    k.f.-schinkel

    a.-palladio

    j.-n.-l.-durand

    silesia

    classicism

    country-house

Anna Andrzejewska - Modern masters of urban planning as precursors of the contemporary trend of “green infrastructure” and “urban garden” in the context of ongoing spatial processes

doi:10.37190/arc190404

The purpose of the article was to indicate the innovativeness and timeliness of the spatial assumptions of the city-garden concepts, satellite estates and “Broadacre City” modernist masters of urban design, i.e. E. Howard, E. May and F.L. Wright in the context of reflecting the social needs of individuals. They were presented in relation of the contemporary trend of “green infrastructure” as effective planning on a city scale, as well as based on the “urban garden” trend which promotes the penetration of green elements between built-up spaces. The key to the above list is a reference to the currently occurring spatial processes and environmental changes.

Keywords:

    green-areas

    urban-space

    “urban-garden”

    urban-design

    green-infrastructure

Jacek Suchodolski - Architecture of the Giant Mountains huts as a valuable element of the Sudetes cultural landscape

doi:10.37190/arc190405

The article is devoted to the architecture of four Giant Mountains shelters, which are considered to be the oldest, i.e., Pod Łabskim Szczytem, Strzecha Akademicka, Samotnia and Bronek Czech’s Shelter. The purpose of the study aims at showing the timeless values of their architecture inspired by native construction tradition. After 1945, many Sudetes shelters ceased to exist and those that have survived to this day often face fundamental problems – lack of necessary renovations, proper conservation care or relatively small tourist traffic. The publication also draws attention to the need to continue native architectural themes in newly designed buildings with a tourist function in order to restore cultural continuity that was interrupted after 1945.

Keywords:

    giant-mountains

    architecture

    hut

    regionalism

Stanisław Janusz Czernik - Architecture and structural systems of contemporary towers and treetop observation walkways – selected examples

doi:10.37190/arc190406

On the example of buildings constructed in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Poland, the general characteristics of towers and viewing platforms of rod structure constructed in the 21st century in mountain areas have been presented. The basic assumptions and constructional solutions of towers and overhead paths running in the tree crowns, currently serving as tourist and recreational facilities also adapted to the needs of people with reduced mobility, have been discussed.

Keywords:

    lookout-tower

    path-in-the-treetops

    structure

    bar-structure

Dariusz Dziubiński - Beach bars in Wrocław. Space evaluation

doi:10.37190/arc190407

Since 2016 several beach bars have been opened in Wrocław. Most of them were located by the river. The study was inspired by their spatial (and also business) model which relies on creating places of great attractiveness and bases on associations contained in the name itself. The research strived at learning and evaluating the ways of bringing the space to life, attracting and encouraging people to spend their time there, and thus at understanding how these places work as a space. The starting point for this observation and research was the assumption that beach bars are a type of space similar to urban public spaces. On the one hand, it makes it possible to see whether they can play such a role, while on the other it allows to treat them as a mirror which can reveal what urban public spaces are unable to provide. The adopted method consisted of a continuous observation. The long-standing practice in designing and implementing projects by the American non-profit organization “Project for Public Spaces” provided the main reference point for this study. According to this approach, the evaluation referred to four parameter groups: access and connections, comfort and image, function and action, and social value. Beach bars are spaces offering varied forms of leisure, they provide a diverse, rich offer and give an opportunity to enjoy various types of activities. They also give users a great freedom of behavior.

Keywords:

    public-space

    beach-bar

    river

    beach

Katarzyna Zielonko-Jung, Ziemowit Belter - Sources of inspiration in designing ecological buildings. If not Pinterest than what?

doi:10.37190/arc190408

Efficiency of ecological measures for sustainable architecture depends greatly upon the moment in which it is defined as essential, and how early it can be applied during the design concept stage. The following article refers to inspiration, the initial stage of the design and means to combine it with substantial knowledge regarding ecological architecture. Means, such as computer programs were taken into consideration. Authors conclude that a visible void of viable tools in such regard is observable, which might lead to limited popularity of sustainable architecture in general.     The article is mainly intended to evaluate the characteristic for a tool that could match the profile of ecological inspiration enhancer, and would be able to function in the reality of a complex architecture market. An assessment of two internet platforms was conducted for this purpose, namely Pinterest and Palette 2030. Pinterest, although not dedicated only to architects, found its way to the architects tool box thanks to its popularity among clients. Palette 2030, on the other hand, is a professional internet database that allows architects to access ecological knowledge at the early stage of the design process. Conclusions combine specific characteristics of both platforms in a way that would allow to estimate, if any potential solution for a tool with which to encourage smart, ecological solutions is possible.

Keywords:

    sustainable-development

    ecological-architecture

    inspirations

    pinterest

    palette-2030

Monika Trojanowska - Designing sustainable school facilities for public health promotion. Selected issues and examples of good practice

doi:10.37190/arc190409

This paper presents selected issues concerning sustainable schools design to promote health. The results of research on the therapeutic impact of contact with nature are discussed. Next, three educational facilities are presented as examples of good practices – two from France and one from Poland. Those schools were selected because of innovative architectural design and sustainable construction technologies. The first case is Groupe Scolaire des Sciences et de la Biodiversité Robert Doisneau in France, where the school gardens are located on the roof and terraces. The second case is the Pôle Molière school in Les Mureaux, which became the cultural center of the district. The third case is a wooden school in Gdańsk.

Keywords:

    sustainable-development

    ecological-architecture

    inspirations

    pinterest

    palette-2030

Monika Wróbel - Architects and urban planners towards contemporary artistic interventions in public space – opinion survey among Warsaw’s professional circle

doi:10.37190/arc190410

The meeting of architecture, contemporary public art, and street art can provoke tensions and conflicts between different actors that are involved in creation of the cityscape. The article presents the results of a survey conducted among professional architects and urban planners in order to identify their opinion on the contemporary public art with particular emphasis on the artistic interventions (also illegal) that interfere with the works of architecture. Insight into the opinion of this professional circle can be a pretext for building a better dialogue and understanding between architects, urban planners, and artists working in the city space.

Keywords:

    contemporary-public-art

    street-art

    professional-circles

    architects

    urban-planners

Justyna Kleszcz - Art for animals – animals in the art. Architectural symptoms of the presence of animals in urban space

doi:10.37190/arc190411

The paper discusses issues related to the visible signs of animals in cities, which are expressed in the form of artistic, and in particular architectural, creativity. The article focuses on determining general reasons for the growing interest in animals as recipients of creative activities in urban space, combining this phenomenon with the formation of new philosophical currents and the emergence of urban/public applied art intended for a constantly expanding group of users. The conducted research allowed to present in a synthetic way the basic division of these elements, which in modern cities were intended for animals depending on the scale of impact, determined stability or variability in space and the level of interaction between human and non-human users, giving a number of examples of the progressing process of animalization of contemporary urbanized areas. The basic conclusion of the analysis is a gradual transition from objectivity to subjectivity of animals in the broadly understood urban art with a huge variety of its forms.

Keywords:

    engaged-art

    art-for-the-animals

    animal-space

Jerzy Ładysz, Grażyna Tołoczko - Concept of public e-transport development in Wrocław awarded in the competition “For outstanding achievements in the field of technology”

doi:10.37190/arc190412

The conceptual study “Spatial planning guidelines for development of public e-transport in Wroclaw” was awarded in the competition of the Wrocław Council of Federation of Scientific and Technical Associations NOT for outstanding and innovative achievements in the field of technology in 2017. The article presents a fragment of the graphic part of the diploma project and design assumptions. The key issue of the project is the alternative, prospective replacement of traditional combustion buses and noisy trams by modern electric transport in Wrocław urban transport system, with an indication of battery trolleybuses as the most economically and environmentally reasonable, as well as verified in practice in other cities.

Keywords:

    e-mobility

    urban-e-transport

    battery-trolleybus

    wrocław