Issue 3(55)/2018

DOI: 10.5277/ARCHITECTUS

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Articles

Ewa Łużyniecka - The abbot church in Henryków on the basis of the architectural rescue studies from the years 2008–2009

doi:10.5277/arc180301

The article discusses the rescue research of the Cistercian abbey church in Henryków conducted in 2008–2009 during the excavation of drainage ditches at the external walls of the church. During the work, architectural analyzes were carried out under the supervision of the author, and the walls and selected fragments of the faces were cleaned of plaster, bringing out the remains of contacts, architectural details and structural elements. Later, an inventory was made of the system of building blocks, its measurements were made, the technical and formal features of the walls were examined and the composition of mortars and layers of plasters were determined. In the course of the research, measurement documentation was performed in numerical CAD and digital form using photogrammetry, recorded with the use of the single-image method. The study was complemented by an attempt to date the mortar with the carbon 14C radioactive analysis method, supervised by Professor Tadeusz Goslar from the Radiocarbon Laboratory at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań.     Based on the results of the research, some details of the author’s previous hypothesis were made more specific with regard to the first phase of the construction of the Henryków church and the hypothesis associated with the Holy Cross Chapel. The study that was conducted also led to the discovery of elements of the church that were unknown until now. These include: a medieval chapel with a three-sided ending and diagonal buttresses, preceding the construction of St. Joseph Chapel; the northern chapel, built at the third bay of the nave from the west; massive buttresses supporting the walls of the northern ring of chapels, which have not survived to our times, a trace of porta mortuorum.

Keywords:

    church

    cistercians

    middle-ages

    henryków

Piotr Samól, Monika Kasprzak - Relicts of the 16th-century cellar by the St Mary’s church in Gdańsk

doi:10.5277/arc180302

Saint Mary’s church in Gdańsk, one of the largest brick Gothic temples in the World, has got no external chapels – except the House of Councils. Its architectural form, however, is not the result of implementation of one project, but realization of a few transforming concepts. The discovery of the relicts of the 16th-century cellars, located in the corner of the transept and the northern aisle, gives an idea of the process of building the space around the temple, which was interrupted by the Reformation.     The paper summarizes the architectural and archaeological researches, which have been conducted since 2016 in connection to the conservational works. Their part is also the adaptation of the former unused boiler cellar from 1929 on the multimedia room. There was the space, where one discovered the relicts of the older constructions from the end of the Middle Ages. The aim of this article is to present the results of conducted research and to discuss the historical and functional context of the found relicts of cellars.

Keywords:

    saint-marys-church

    gdańsk

    cellar

    gothic

    heating-system

    adaptation

Bogna Ludwig - Illusionistic relief as a design technique in the modern facades. Time of the Baroque

doi:10.5277/arc180303

The article presents the use of techniques borrowed from sculpture – bas- to high-reliefs in architectural projects in the time of Baroque. The technique of illusionistic relief was the invention of the Renaissance. However, all its possibilities were not exploited sooner than by the Baroque designers. The Baroque artists operated with a range of all intensity of shadow, creating the different values of the chiaroscuro spots and any effects of modelling drawing on the facade. They connected the illusionistic techniques, starting with replacing the architecture by painting, by use of the optical illusion, anamorphoses up to making a kind of scenographic models.

Keywords:

    modern-architecture

    perspective

    baroque

    design-technique

Marzanna Jagiełło, Wojciech Brzezowski - The earliest Polish landscape gardens in the light of source materials (descriptions, treatises and poems)

doi:10.5277/arc180304

The article presents a history of development of informal gardens in Poland. The earliest gardens of this kind arose in the 3rd terce of the 18th century. This first phase of establishing freestyle gardens was noted by many journalists, travelers, diplomats, scientists who came to us at that time and who left behind priceless „travel descriptions”. Their judgment was sometimes painfully honest. Many owners of these gardens were accused of glistening and showing off, often ineptly and unpalatably imitating foreign patterns, and very rarely manifesting sincere involvement. The latter cannot be denied to Polish gardeners-dilettantes: Izabela Czartoryska, Aleksandra Lubomirska, Aleksander Ogińska, Helena Radziwiłowa and Stanisław Kostka Potocki. It is thanks to them, inspired by many European journeys and even more numerous publications devoted to garden art, that in the last years of the Republic’s existence and the first few of its downfall, a mosaic of garden forms appeared, sometimes difficult to classify, later named “English”, though they were closer to many French landscape gardens at that time.

Keywords:

    landscape-garden

    poland

    source-materials

Maria Brykowska - Album of drawings from the history of architecture by Otton Fedak student of Lviv Polytechnic and his later professional works

doi:10.5277/arc180305

The paper is dedicated to the album of drawings made by the little known architect Otton Fedak (from Czerniowce) and his later professional works. The discovery of this album provided more information on the process of teaching the history of architecture at the Faculty of Architecture at Lviv Polytechnic and attracted attention to the later design works by its author. This collection of drawings presents the works made by the student in the academic year 1926/1927 in classes of Professor J. Zubrzycki, Ph.D.     Fedak attained his diploma in 1930/1931. In 1934, he participated in the competition for the design of the Electric Power Facility (T. Wróbel and L. Karasiński) and then he made a design for the school in Bogdanówka (1936) as well as the church in Potaszyn in Volhynia. He also participated in redesigning of the market in Lviv (1937) and in the competitions for the design of the church in Kolomyia (before 1939) as well as for the rebuilding of the Greek Catholic church of the Holy Ghost in Lviv (1942). After World War II, the Engineer of Architecture O. Fedak lived in Poland, in Oświęcim and in Myślenice. He is the author of several designs of churches in the Cracow metropolis: in Tenczyn (1947–1968), Przytkowice (1948–1953), Skomielna Czarna (1949–1960) and in Stare Żukowice (1957–1961), and in 1960–1967 he was in charge of the construction of the church in Skomielna Biała designed by W. Cęckiewicz. The works by O. Fedak fall within the “harmonious modernism” style (carefully combined forms, stone courses, simple details, traditional vaults or rebar reinforced concrete structural floors). Although the churches which were completed may not be the most excellent works, they are valuable examples of churches designed by the architect and executed in the difficult times of the Polish People’s Republic.

Keywords:

    history-of-architecture

    faculty-of-architecture-at-the-lviv-polytechnic

    otton-fedak-from-czerniowce)

    church

    design

    cracowmetropolis

Tomasz Omieciński - Selected aesthetic assumptions of architectural minimalism

doi:10.5277/arc180306

The aim of this article is a deep analysis of the selected aesthetic assumptions of architectural minimalism. The first part of the text presents the history of simplifying and unifying movements in art, especially in architecture. Then, the paper elucidates five most significant treatments used by minimalist architects to achieve beauty in their buildings.

Keywords:

    beauty

    aesthetics

    minimalism

Agata Szmitkowska - The architecture of employee holiday centres in Poland. An outline of the issues

doi:10.5277/arc180307

The aim of the article is to present Polish architecture’s output in the range of buildings serving the employees’ annual leave. Thanks to the investigation of socio-legal conditions it has been possible to present the genesis of the first objects of this type built in the interwar period, to delimit the periods of their particularly intensive popularity and finally to explain the reasons of almost definitive discontinuation of building them at the end of the 1980s. The most architecturally successful employee resort centres of the Second Polish Republic and People’s Poland have been briefly presented with taking account of an aesthetic aspect as well as a functional one. An attempt has been made to sketch the evolution of the architecture of Polish resorts under the influence of Europe-wide stylistic movements.

Keywords:

    architecture

    employee-holiday-centre

    modernism

    soc-modernism

Andrzej Chądzyński, Marek Piróg - Buildings with a corner timbered-framework. Thermal performance improvement of external walls and roof

doi:10.5277/arc180308

The subject of the article is thermal performance improvement of external partitions (roof and walls) of wooden buildings with a corner timbered-framework structure. This problem concerns objects which are several dozen and more years old. The article discusses the need of renovation and adapting partitions to modern requirements in the field of thermal insulation. Based on the analysis of the form of wooden buildings with a timbered structure, methods of thermal insulation of external corrugated walls, timbered walls and roof slopes have been proposed. The article presents the course of action in this process, taking into account in particular the type of material which is wood, the unique character of the buildings with a corner timbered-framework structure and their meaning for the cultural landscape.

Keywords:

    corner-timbered-framework-construction

    thermal-performance-improvement

Sylwia Szefler - Diagnosis and valorisation of natural values of rural areas based on the example of the Mełgiew as an element of the sustainability development process

doi:10.5277/arc180309

The aim of the article is to present a model research procedure in the field of recognizing and assessing the natural values of the commune as an example of landscape research carried out for the needs of spatial planning documents. The research was presented on the example of the Mełgiew commune. The basis of the research was to determine the manner of land development and assessment of selected environmental components. The valorization of natural values of soils and the environment on the basis of vegetation at the landscape level was carried out. The tested elements were assigned values resulting from the degree of their naturalness. The synthesis of the results of the research, obtained on the basis of the assessment of soils and vegetation cover, made it possible to calculate the average natural value of the entire commune. Valorisation of the natural value has allowed to determine the pace and directions of changes taking place in the landscape. The analysis of the results of such research is to enable forecasting of future processes regarding the commune’s environment and its neighborhood. The presented research process should be a standard of conduct at the level of local spatial planning in the field of valorisation of the natural environment, and thus the landscape.

Keywords:

    mełgiew-commune

    spatial-planning

    nature-evaluation